Media around the world are now reporting on mass arrests worldwide of
people involved in kiddie porn distribution.
This story from last year proves the foul involvement of some
people….
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ARREST SHOCKS SYNAGOGUE; TEACHER FLIES BACK TO U.S.
By EVA HOARE and AMY PUGSLEY FRASER Staff Reporters
A Hebrew school teacher and cantor at a Halifax synagogue, who downloaded
hundreds of pornographic photographs of children from the Internet, was
fined $2,200 in court Tuesday. The fine was paid and Suart David Friedman, a
well-liked and respected member of the Beth Israel Synagogue, promptly left
the country for his native United States.
It’s the first charge of its kind in Nova Scotia and justice officials
hinted that Mr. Friedman’s activities – downloading a personal fantasy
collection of boys performing sexual and sadomasochistic acts – could be
connected to an international child pornography ring.
Mr. Friedman, 42, of South Park Street, Halifax, pleaded guilty to
possessing child pornography from the Internet. When Canada Customs and
police officers arrested him during a raid on his apartment Monday, the
cantor was surfing the Net. Although his private cache contained photographs
and videos – as well as gay and bondage magazines – the bulk of his
collection was 223 computer-generated photos of child pornography stored on
diskettes, on two computer hard drives, and on computer printouts.
“It’s extremely disgusting,” said Const. Gary Martin of the Halifax
Regional Police Service, whose officers also conducted a search of Chebucto
Freenet offices, Mr. Friedman’s Internet provider. “Ninety per cent of this
material was obtained either directly or indirectly through the Internet.
Some … was directly downloaded from the Internet and some … was obtained
from different groups that are within the Internet,” Const. Martin said.
“The pictures are very explicit. It covers just about every avenue of
pornography that’s out there.”
Canada Customs’ intelligence division started working the case last
September and then brought in regional police, said Ed Osborne, customs’
regional intelligence officer.
Now officers – who’ll spend hundreds of hours poring over the materials –
want to know if any Nova Scotian children were depicted in the “gruesome”
photos and material seized. But they do not expect that will be the case.
Parents of children who attended the Hebrew school, shocked by the arrest,
planned to meet Tuesday night. “As aware as people are that these things
can and do happen, it’s still a shock,” said Cathy Fox, president of the
Beth Israel Synagogue. Her three children – two sons and a daughter – were
taught by Mr. Friedman at the synagogue’s Hebrew school. “It’s a very
difficult time.”
The cantor – who leads the congregation in song – taught her 13- year-old
son songs and chants that were part of his bar mitzvah ceremony last
October, Mrs. Fox said.
Some members will feel betrayed as a result of the charges. “I think the
elderly members of our congregation will be very hurt by this.” Some are
appalled while others expressed sympathy. “I’m very saddened,” said Robert
Wolman, president of the synagogue’s board of governors.
Mr. Wolman said he and other board members heard about the case Monday night
and Mr. Friedman was immediately dismissed.
Wearing an olive-colored trenchcoat and a black yarmulke (skull cap) over
his greying hair, a pale and visibly nervous Mr. Friedman was ushered into
provincial court by two sheriff’s deputies. Refusing even to look up at the
judge, he stared resolutely at the floor while wringing his hands.
“This is the first (such) charge through our office,” Crown attorney Frank
Hoskins told Judge Hughes Randall. “But it sends a message out to the
public that if you’re in possession of these images from your Internet and
they’re child pornography, you can be charged with a criminal offence and
get a criminal record and a substantial fine,” Mr. Hoskins said later.
Article Segment 2 of 2
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Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,” and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr. Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday, declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200 fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university, arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since. His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah, has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
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From [email protected] Thu Sep 3 12:33:06 EDT 1998
Article: 8406 of pl.regionalne.warszawa
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Subject: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
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From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:00:19 EDT 1998
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: aus.general,aus.politics,soc.culture.australian
Subject: Re: Victims Charter of Rights
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:46:34 GMT
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What is your stand regarding disease-spreading perverts of AIDS??
On 3 Sep 1998 02:58:06 GMT, [email protected] () wrote:
>PROPOSED VICTIM’S CHARTER OF RIGHTS
>
>
>GENERAL STATEMENT
>
>In the last two thousand years, the state has increasingly assumed
>control of matters of law and dispute. In primitive times, families
>and clans settled disputes and claims. This often resulted in long
>and internecine warfare which devastated many involved. As nations
>formed, crimes became less a matter of two persons in conflict and
>became more a matter of maintaining the King’s Peace. Criminal
>prosecution proceeds today as the Queen versus the accused.
>
>Unfortunately, in this development, the victim has been relegated to
>simply being a piece of evidence or a witness to suit the bureaucratic
>whim of prosecutors and lawyers. The victim of a crime has at best
>been neglected; and at worst, been viciously abused by the system.
>
>Victims need to have specific protections and rights. All victims of
>crime must have enshrined in the CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS basic
>rights such as dignity, justice and fair treatment. The charter
>already has over 30 clauses to protect the accused; but not one, to
>protect the victims of crime. To guarantee that victim’s rights are
>created, protected and respected, a VICTIM’S ADVOCACY OFFICE shall be
>formed and every victim of crime represented and supported throughout
>the entire legal process. A victim of a crime shall be advised of
>their rights by the police and be allowed immediate access to an
>advocate. Criminals already have this right with a lawyer.
>
>THE RIGHTS OF A VICTIM, SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN THOSE OF THE ACCUSED.
>Criminals are already guaranteed many rights, as in the Correctional
>and Conditional Release Act such as: safe and healthful living
>conditions, education, medical care, early releases, no physical
>punishment, and personal dignity. Why can rapists, murderers, pimps
>and child molesters be guaranteed “personal dignity” and no “physical
>punishment”? i.e. be given what they deny their victims. Victims
>have no rights, no protections nor any guarantees enshrined in law at
>all. This proposed charter is intended to correct the current legal
>deficiency and political negligence.
>
>
>SPECIFICALLY, ALL VICTIMS SHALL HAVE THE GENERAL RIGHT TO:
>
>A – DURING INVESTIGATION
>
>1 – BELIEF The victim of a crime has the right to be believed. Many
>crimes are so bizarre and evil that the police and juries often have
>difficulty believing them. Cindy James repeatedly complained for years
>to the police that she was being stalked. Even after she was found
>in a ditch; beaten, assaulted, gagged, and bound hand and foot, the
>police still maintained that she was simply paranoid and seeking
>attention. She was eventually murdered, days after leaving a mental
>asylum. No arrests have yet been made.
>
>2 – MEDICAL TREATMENT Victims must have the right to immediate and
>comprehensive medical treatment. In 1994, a little ten year old Indian
>girl from the Enoch Reserve was taken to several hospitals by the
>R.C.M.P. This unfortunate little girl was repeatedly refused treatment
>because the rural doctors did not want to involve themselves in a child
>molestation case. No victim of crime should ever be refused medical
>treatment. This right will include access to the accused’s medical
>records to determine such risks as Sexually Transmitted Diseases. In
>1992 Quebec Court Judge Yvon Roberge ruled that a victim does not have
>this right.
>
>3 – DUE ATTENTION Victims of crime have the right to appropriate
>response from the police, investigative agencies, and the courts.
>Personal crimes are often treated with less consideration than property
>crimes. If a car is reported missing, the police will make a report
>without complaint. If a child or adult is missing the police often
>refuse to fill out a report, let alone act on it. Every one of Clifford
>Olsen’s murder victims was a missing person to the families, who were
>usually told not to be concerned with teenage disappearances. On
>Canada’s ten most wanted list this week, all wanted suspects are bank
>robbers; none are pimps, or child molestors or even murderers. Surely,
>thefts even from banks, are not as important as the lives of children.
>
>4 – PERSONAL PROTECTION Victims and their families have the right to
>immediate and continuing protection from the criminal and any
>associates. Hundreds of victims and witnesses have been murdered,
>”have disappeared”, or have have suddenly dropped charges; often after
>the accused has been given bail, even for the most heinous crimes.
>Pimps in particular make deadly sure that their talkative girls don’t
>live long enough to testify. The charges are then usually dropped
>and the criminal allowed to go free. The sworn statements of witnesses
>should be allowed in court in emergent situations. Bail should not
>be allowed in serious criminal cases.
>
>5 – COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE Prompt, compassionate, comprehensive and
>efficient collection of evidence shall be practiced. The victim is
>not simply an information source or vessel for gathering evidence.
>The victims shall be treated with dignity and respect. In one sexual
>assault case in Leduc, Alberta the police simply left the scene at the
>end of their shift. The victim fortunately protected the assailant’s
>fingerprints on the glass patio door so that after the weekend break
>the police could get this crucial evidence.
>
>6 – DEFENCE The victim of a crime has an inherent right to defend
>their person, family and property. Criminals in recent years have
>successfully charged or sued victims for assault and damages such as
>a rapist whose eyes had been scratched and a burglar who had
>accidentally fallen down some stairs after tripping on a child’s toy.
>Under current Canadian Judicial review is a proposal to allow a battered
>woman to kill in defence of their person. A victim fighting for their
>immediate life should not be required to make a “proper arrest” complete
>with the least necessary use of force and then presumably advisement
>of the assailant(s) of “legal rights”.
>
>In the middle ages, persons who scoffed at the law were frequently
>declared outside of the law and were not allowed to invoke it for their
>own protection. Hence the term “outlaw”. Persons committing criminal
>acts should not be protected in the same manner or degree, as law abiding
>citizens.
>
>7 – FREEDOM FROM REPETITION Crime victims should be free of bureaucratic
>and administrative excess. Numerous recountings of the crime are painful
>for the victim and are frequently unnecessary.
>
>8 – REASONABLE EFFORTS TO APPREHEND The police and investigating
>agencies shall be given sufficient powers, funding, and incentive
>to conduct investigations including D.N.A. sampling, hypnosis, voice
>prints and kirlian imaging. Paul Bernardo’s D.N.A. sample for multiple
>rapes in Scarborough, Ontario was untested for at least two years.
>Many dozens of girls were viciously raped, and at least two girls
>tortured, repeatedly raped and finally murdered because; there were
>”insufficient funds to test low priority rape cases.” In contrast,
>there were plenty of funds, many millions of dollars to pay several
>lawyers to defend this evil monster in court.
>
>9 – BE INFORMED Crime victims have the right to be present at and be
>informed of significant aspects of their cases. Victims are often not
>told about developments in their case, changes in trial dates, or even
>that their cases had been dropped. The prosecutor in one Scottish case
>unilaterally dropped charges against the wishes of the victim, in a
>
>solid rape case where a girl had been assaulted and stabbed 120 times
>by four teenagers. Victims have a right to appeal decisions made by
>the legal system.
>
>10- ECONOMIC PROTECTION The victim of a crime is often severely
>traumatized and cannot immediately return to work. A reasonable degree
>of sympathy and compassion from employers is justified to allow time
>for physical and psychological healing. The family of the victim shall
>be assisted where necessary. The family of a murder victim for
>example, faces a large unexpected funeral bill. The crimes compensation
>fund should be considerably expanded to assist victims and their
>families while their capacity for earning is impaired.
>
>Our governments, which freely spend billions of dollars on criminal
>rights and privileges, should be at least as willing to help the victim.
>All criminal assets should be impounded to provide such funds. The F.B.I.
>report on organized crime porfits, suggests that in Canada, criminals
>make at least 70 BILLION DOLLARS IN CRIME PROFITS A YEAR, twice that of
>honest businesses.
>
>B – DURING PROSECUTION
>
>1 – ESSENCE OF CRIME DEFINITION Crime shall be defined as a violation
>of the victim’s rights. The religion, culture, age or state of mind
>(mens rea) of the offender is of no relevance, in any way, as to whether
>a crime has been committed. The drunken defence of a rape case of
>recent Canadian Supreme Court note is a classic example of the
>ridiculous claim of innocence based on the criminal’s perception.
>
>A crime has been committed, when a victim’s rights were infringed upon,
>and this should be the primary and perhaps only determinant of guilt
>or innocence. The degree of guilt or innocence may (and only may), be
>affected by other considerations.
>
>2 – EVIDENCE CONFIDENTIALITY Some “evidence” shall be confidential
>and be protected from the defence and the press. In recent years, for
>example, lawyers have been trying to get access to the files of victims
>from rape crisis centers. The Supreme Court of Canada now allows such
>access. This is an horrendous assault of the rights of victims and
>medical confidentiality. And yet, the accused’s criminal records are
>not allowed in court, before sentencing.
>
>The victim is not on trial and should not have privacy and medical
>confidentiality violated. The victim’s counselling is a healing process
>and should be absolutely protected. In glaring contrast, the Supreme
>Court does not allow conversations or records between accused clients
>and lawyers to be subjected to scrutiny and/or considered necessary for
>a “fair trial”. Lawyer’s records are considered sacrosanct.
>
>3 – AN IMMEDIATE DEFENCE STATEMENT Upon arrest, the accused should be
>required to make a detailed statement. If so, this shall be recorded
>and commit the offender to a story immediately, so no tailoring to
>evidence can occur.
>
>4 – PROSECUTION The victim should have the right to appove the laying
>of the charges. Victims are not disposable witnesses to be used at the
>discretion of the court officers. Prosecution now engages in too much
>plea bargaining, without the victim’s knowledge, or power to protest.
>It makes no sense to investigate a charge of rape and theft of a handbag,
>to drop the rape charge and prosecute for petty theft to “save time and
>money.” Multiple rapist Larry Takahashi had over 100 charges of rape
>dropped, and was then released on parole in a mere four years by the
>Parole Board because he was “not considered to be a risk to society.”
>
>5 – JOINDER OF COUNTS All multiple crimes or offenders shall be joined
>in charge to save trauma to the victims and costs to the taxpayer. In
>a Montreal case, a victim was put through unnecessary grief because five
>separate trials were needed for a gang rape. No victim should ever have
>to go through this sort of nonsense five times. The taxpayers were
>further subjected to court costs of over a million dollars.
>
>6 – TRANSPORTATION Where necessary, the victim shall be provided
>separate transportation to court. In the N.W.T. a sexual assault
>victim was inexplicably and callously transported, in the same van
>as the assailant, to court in a remote community.
>
>7 – TRIAL SUPPORT A secure waiting room should be provided for all
>victims. To suggest that a victim of a child molesting should have
>to wait outside the court with the assailant laughing and taunting them
>is incredible.
>
>8 – PRIVACY Victims of crime have the right to privacy. This legal
>protection would include the right to lay charges and to receive
>compensation. The famous Canadian lawyer Edward Greenspan is now
>defending former Provincial Premier Gerald Regan on 17 charges of
>sexual assault. Greenspan said he would advertise in local papers for
>men who had slept with the victims. The victim’s past is not generally
>relevant to the immediate case. In contrast, the accused’s records and
>past are not generally allowed. The reverse should be the case. The
>accused’s records should be admissible in court as it demonstrates
>pattern.
>
>9 – QUICK AND EFFECTIVE TRIAL The victim should be guaranteed a quick
>trial. Most trial time and cost is wasted on testing non crucial, and
>eventually agreed upon evidence. This is an emotional burden to the
>victim and a financial one to the taxpayer. Physical evidence should
>only be presented if there is a conflict of claim. Preliminary trials
>and grand juries which double or triple trial time and cost, essentially
>allow the defence to have all the evidence of the prosecution. The
>defence then builds their case to tailor to the prosecution evidence.
>The defence should not have this universal right, an outline of the
>case is sufficient.
>
>Further, any evidence that supports criminal investigation shall be
>admissible, however obtained. In Detroit, the police found a list with
>a number of girl’s names struck off. The millionaire rapist’s lawyer
>was able to declare his “this hit list of rape victims” to be
>inadmissible because there was no search warrant.
>
>10 – DISTANCE The victim shall be allowed to have videotaped testimony.
>In Montreal, a rape gang leader was found not guilty by Judge Luc Trudel
>because the victim was too afraid to testify in person. The Judge
>proceeded to rebuke the frightened 16 year old girl who fled the
>courtroom in tears. In the other four cases of his partners, the
>videotape testimony was allowed. A joinder of counts was not allowed.
>
>11 – FREEDOM FROM HARASSMENT The victim shall be free from harassment.
>Of all places in the country where law should be practiced; it should
>be in a court of law. However, during cross examination, many lawyers
>engage in suggestion, slander, innuendo, outright fabrication, and
>lies to win a case. Doctors are allowed to examine, but not fondle
>their patients. Similarly, lawyers and judges are allowed to cross
>examine and instruct, but should not be allowed to harass or intimidate
>witnesses, especially victims. Court officials should be criminally
>and civilly accountable for anything they do or say in court. Judges
>must constantly bear in mind the rights of victims, particularly since
>all judges were lawyers and are generally more concerned with the
>accused’s rights, rather than the victim’s rights.
>
>12 – DISASSOCIATION The victim is entitled to a professional trial.
>In a bizarre U.S. case, a convicted murderer whose death sentence had
>been recently commuted was allowed to defend himself, and cross examine
>his rape victim for two days. This was recently duplicated in Canada
>as accused rapist Ferreira represented himself. No victim should ever
>have to be subjected to this kind of assault. In the House of Commons,
>the Members of Parliament are guaranteed this right of disassociation.
>Members must address the chair, the speaker or the judge. Grown men
>are protected from the terrible effects of vicious barbs ;—- but an
>innocent defenceless rape victim is forced to relive the primal terror
>of a rape at the direction of their assailant.
>
>The issue of trial by jury is open to question. Professionalization
>might also include a professional jury. It seems very odd, that a
>potentially life and death decision should rest with people picked
>randomly off the streets, who have little or no training or experience
>whatsoever in law or justice.
>
>13 – CONFRONTATION Criminals already have the right to face and to
>cross examine their accuser. The victim should have the equal right to
>confront and cross examine the accused on the stand. Criminals normally
>do not like to testify. However, they are a vital witness and should
>be required to testify. The issue of trial coaching by the lawyer
>needs to be examined as to morality and legality.
>
>C – DURING SENTENCING
>
>1 – VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENT The victim shall have the absolute right to
>make a victim impact statement. Multiple murder and rapist Paul Bernardo
>was well dressed, immaculately groomed, and very polite on the stand.
>He was very well coached by his lawyer; on what to wear and say. This
>deceptive presentation tends to soften a jury’s opinion of a criminal.
>The victim impact statement should help put the account into perspective.
>The suffering of the victims and their families should be at the
>forefront of the judge and jury at sentencing.
>
>2 – PUNISHMENT SUITING THE CRIME All crimes should be punished by an
>appropriate measure. The average sentence now given to a child molester
>is less than that given to a car thief. Thomas Eneas beat a man to
>death and received a mere one year sentence. Randy Kirton was given a
>14 month sentence for drugging and prostituting 14 year old girls.
>Former Toronto Maple Leafs owner, Harold Ballard was convicted of
>tax evasion of a quarter of a million dollars and received a one day
>jail sentence by the judge. As penalties, these are absurd. Sentences
>should be appropriately and severely formulized; the onus being placed
>on the defence to reduce it, or the prosecution to increase it. A
>minimum and a maximum sentence should be a mandatory policy.
>
>Criminals should not be allowed to milk the taxpayers with frivolous
>rights such as personal development. Taxpayers paying for University
>rape counselling courses for Charles Ng, who raped, tortured and
>murdered a number of women; or serial child killer, Clifford Olsen to
>take law courses is totally idiotic. Honest people do not get these
>things free, why do criminals?
>
>3 – TRUTH IN SENTENCING Society has the right to a sentence being
>truthful. Concurrent sentences for example, allow the criminal to serve
>many sentences at the same time. This practice should be outlawed.
>A million year sentence could mean one year. The Corrections and
>Conditional Release Act states the maximum sentence that can be served
>before being eligible for parole is four years, with the one weak
>exception of life without parole for a number of years, say 25. This
>is further subject to a Judicial review. The Parole Board should not
>be allowed to unilaterally override and ignore up to 99% of the
>considered sentence of the judge and jury as in Takahashi’s case.
>
>
>4 – PROTECTION OF POTENTIAL VICTIMS Potential victims have the right
>to be protected. All criminals convicted of two or more serious
>violent offences such as murder, rape, child molestation, drug dealing
>and pimping should automatically be declared DANGEROUS OFFENDERS and
>given infinite sentences. Almost no judicial or bureaucratic discretion
>to release should be allowed. Nothing, but a unanimous vote in
>Parliament should allow the offender to be released.
>
>5 – SENTENCE CARRIED OUT Society, and especially crime victims, have
>the right to the sentence being carried out. The Correctional and
>Conditional Release Act gives absolute power to THE PAROLE BOARD TO
>RELEASE CRIMINALS. Multiple rapist Larry Takahashi was sentenced to
>three life terms and 89 years. And yet he was released on parole by
>the PAROLE BOARD in four years. The parole act states that “no offender
>shall be released, if by reoffending, it would pose an undue risk to
>society.” HE COMMITTED 120 RAPES, IS THIS NOT AN UNDUE RISK TO
>SOCIETY??!! How many rapes does he have to commit before he is unduly
>dangerous and a risk?
>
>6 – PART OF SENTENCING The victim and the Victim’s Advocate should
>have a say in the sentencing of the offender. The victim needs to have
>a healing process and may wish to contribute to this legal process by
>suggesting compensation and punishment. The victim in a native
>sentencing circle has this right and is part of the legal process.
>
>7 – COMPENSATION The victim of a crime should have the right to
>compensation from criminals who committed, and officials that permit a
>crime to be committed. An American Governor in 1995 pardoned a murderer
>from the death sentence, who was subsequently released on parole; and
>almost immediately raped a woman. The Governor should pay substantial
>compensation to the victim. Justice Susan Lang found Corrections Canada
>largely responsible for allowing a convicted killer to escape. The
>”jail” apparently has no locked doors or fences. The escapee’s rape
>victim was awarded $340,000 compensation.
>
>8 – ACCOUNTABILITY All bureaucrats and officials should be subject to
>review and their competence examined. The Victim’s Advocate should be
>allowed to challange appointments. The Correctional and Conditional
>Release Act section 155 provides total immunity for the Parole Board and
>its decisions. Many, many Canadians die every year as a result of Parole
>Board mistakes. And yet, they are given absolute discretionary powers;
>and are then allowed to write their own report card for success. No
>wonder their success rate is 99%! This situation is scandalous and
>absolutely ridiculous.
>
>Clifford Olsen committed at least four murders while he was on bail
>after the rape of a 15 year old girl. The justice made a decision at
>the time that was clearly wrong; based on dozens of serious outstanding
>charges of rape, assault, and child molestation. The Victims Advocate
>shall be empowered to initiate proceedings to an independent Competency
>Review Board which shall be empowered to disbar lawyers, and dismiss
>judges and parole officers. The victim or Victim’s Advocate should be
>allowed to lay criminal charges such as negligent homicide and be
>allowed to initiate civil proceedings for damages from officials in
>appropriate circumstances.
>
>9 – REPRESENTION ON PAROLE Parole should not be allowed except within
>the framework of the minimum sentence. The victim or the Victim’s
>Advocate should be allowed to challenge early release. The Parole Board
>should not be composed of political hacks. A sensible balance of
>competent citizens needs to be established to serve the public good.
>However, since there are appeal courts, the very need of the Parole
>Board is debateable.
>
>10 – OF APPEAL Criminals are protected from double jeopardy whereby
>they can only be charged once for a crime and yet they are allowed
>seemingly infinite appeals. Such publicly funded appeals should not
>be allowed. The taxpayers of Canada paid over five million dollars
>fighting Charles Ng’s deportation to the U.S.; where he faced the death
>sentence for multiple rape, torture and murder. One limited appeal
>should be allowed. The victim should be allowed the same appeal rights.
>Higher courts should be allowed to refuse, and perhaps required to
>refuse further appeals.
>
>Ng’s American lawyer expects to make over 20 million dollars in the
>defence of this evil criminal. Ng’s videotaped rapes, torture and
>murder should require that a jury take a mere five minutes to come to
>a decision.
>
>Victims of crime have had enough. Their needs and rights must now be
>addressed.
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:01:16 EDT 1998
Article: 41161 of soc.culture.ukrainian
Path: trends.ca!hub.org!hub.org!newsfeed.direct.ca!sunqbc.risq.qc.ca!nntp.cadvision.com!news.agtac.net!news.telusplanet.net!news
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.baltics,soc.culture.ukrainian
Subject: WARNING !!!Canadian Immigration Business Opportunity
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 16:06:42 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 14
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References: <[email protected]> <35f03b3d.996[email protected]> <[email protected]>
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On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:45:40 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>In article <[email protected]>,
> [email protected] wrote:
>> On Sun, 30 Aug 1998 14:52:04 -0700, “Guy P. Major, Attorney at Law”
>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>> >Established Canadian Law Firm seeks reputable business/professional
>> >partner for the processing of Canadian immigration applications.
>> >Please reply in writing to:
>>
>> This smells like another swindle by criminals trying to get more
>> criminals and other undesirables into Canada!!!
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:02:45 EDT 1998
Article: 5254 of pl.regionalne.krakow
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa,pl.regionalne.krakow
Subject: Re: Zionism and the Third Reich
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:05:05 GMT
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 15:15:29 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:27:16 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:40:38 -0600, [email protected] wrote:
Zionism and the Third Reich
Mark Weber
Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the
German
port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name,
“Tel Aviv,” while a
swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was
Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many
years later a traveler
aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a “metaphysical
absurdity.”1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a
little-known chapter of history: The
wide-ranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler’s Third Reich.
Common Aims
Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with
the “Jewish question”: that is, what is the proper role of Jews in
non-Jewish society? During
the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared
similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed
that Jews and Germans were
distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in
Germany.
Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as “Germans
of the Jewish faith,” but rather as members of a separate national
community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by
Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the
“Jewish homeland.” They could hardly regard themselves as sincere
Zionists and simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other
“foreign” country.
Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained
that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely
understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and
attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize
reality and live in a separate state of their own.
“The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers,”
he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. “Where it
does not exist, it is brought
in by arriving Jews. . . . I believe I understand anti-Semitism, which
is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew,
without hate or fear.” The Jewish question, he maintained, is not
social or religious. “It is a national
question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international
political issue. . . .”
Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not
merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk.
Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered
the world a welcome “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of
Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a
detailed memorandum to the
new government that reviewed German-Jewish relations and formally
offered Zionist support in “solving” the vexing “Jewish question.” The
first step, it suggested,
had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: 4
Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition,
which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in
the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one’s own
tradition. Zionism
recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend,
symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear . . .
Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people,
which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its
Christian and national
character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the
Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a
sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping
of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the
liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community
and collective responsibility . . .
We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that
can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question,
take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will
have to be dealt with by most European peoples . . .
Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and
sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial
realities.
Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals,
because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining
the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the
cultural domain, we – having been brought up in the German language
and German culture – can show an
interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration
and internal sympathy . . .
For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the
collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews,
because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are
involved but a real problem
whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment
especially the German people . . .
Boycott propaganda – such as is currently being carried on against
Germany in many ways – is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants
not to do battle but to convince and to build . . .
We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will
continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe
disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions
for other peoples.
The Federation’s paper, the Jüdische Rundschau (“Jewish Review”),
proclaimed the same message: “Zionism recognizes the existence of a
Jewish problem and
desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose
Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro-
or anti-Jewish, because, in its
view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental
problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested.”5 A young
Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz,
who later settled in the United States and became head of the American
Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden (“We Jews”), that
the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant “Jewry for the
Jews.” He explained: “No
subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new
concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race.” 6
Active Collaboration
On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and
nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what
each group believed was in its own
national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously
supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until
1940-1941, when the Second
World War prevented extensive collaboration.
Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews,
probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with
considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about
pulling up roots to begin a new
life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews
turned to Zionism
during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished
in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation’s
bi-weekly Judische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books
were published. “Zionist
work was in full swing” in Germany during those years, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected “in its
composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists.”7
The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An
internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging
support for Zionism by the
government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of
Germany’s Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish
self-awareness. Jewish
schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations – in
short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and
self-awareness – should be
promoted, the paper recommended.8
SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official
Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess
Zionist development there. Based
on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of
twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff
that appeared in late 1934 under
the heading “A Nazi Travels to Palestine.” The series expressed great
admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish
settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had
produced a new kind of Jew. He
praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the
entire world.
A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article,
“pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the
world: the Jewish
question.” Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one
side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint
SS-Zionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von
Mildenstein was promoted to head the
Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to
support Zionist migration and development more effectively. 9
The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support
for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: “The time may not be
too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who
have been lost to it for
more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official
goodwill, go with them.”10
Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: 11
The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not
on religion leads the German government to guarantee without
reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government
finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement
within Jewry, the so-called
Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the
world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis,
Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role
in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world.
A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service
>from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing “strictly
kosher food on its ships,
under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate.” 12
With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to “reeducate”
Germany’s Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his
1985 survey, The Third Reich
and the Palestine Question: “Zionists were encouraged to take their
message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on
Palestine and generally to
educate German Jews about Palestine. There was considerable pressure
to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans
and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them.” 13
In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist
Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation:
“The Gestapo did everything in
those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often
received their help when we required anything from other authorities
regarding preparations for emigration.” 14
At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag
adopted the so-called “Nuremberg laws” that prohibited marriages and
sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed
the Jews an alien minority
nationality. A few days later the Zionist Judische Rundschau
editorially welcomed the new measures: 15
Germany . . . is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress
when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national
minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is
again possible to
establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The
new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life,
its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own
schools, its own theatre, and its
own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all
aspects of national life . . .
Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for
itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the
Jewish minority:
Jewry’s process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and
a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable
relations between the two nations.
Georg Kareski, the head of both the “Revisionist” Zionist State
Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the
Berlin Jewish Community,
declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end
of 1935: 16
For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural
affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for
living together without conflict. . . . I have long supported such a
separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien
nationality. The Nuremberg Laws
. . . seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform
entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect.
. . . This interruption
of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had
been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish
point of view, entirely welcome.
Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S.
Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress, told a New
York rally in June 1938: “I am not an American citizen of the Jewish
faith, I am a Jew. . . . Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the
Jewish people a race and we are a race.” 17
The Interior Ministry’s Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard
L_sener,
expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a
November 1935 issue of the
official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: 18
If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them
were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely
resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of
opposition to
the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the
Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the
only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation
must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular
nationhood.
In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a
network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout
Germany where
prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine.
Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German
flag, Jews were specifically
guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national
banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at
the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler’s Germany. 19
Himmler’s security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist
underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid
Haganah official Feivel
Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help
in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah
was kept well informed
about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin
headquarters of the SS.20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included
secret deliveries of German
weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs.
21
In the aftermath of the November 1938 “Kristallnacht” outburst of
violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist
organization to get back on its feet
and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted
supervision. 22
Official Reservations
German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party
officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful
Jewish communities in the
United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize “their”
governments and
fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained
implacably hostile
towards National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority
of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the
Zionist “promised land,” a
sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really “solve” the
international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it
would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign.
German backing for Zionism was therefore
limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British
control, not a sovereign Jewish state. 23
A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats
in June 1937, would not be in Germany’s interest because it would not
be able to absorb all
Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power
base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as
a base for international Communism.24
Reflecting something of a shift in official policy,
the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for
Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when
tension and conflict between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. 25
A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in
spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, “it would
nevertheless be a mistake to
assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in
Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the
anti-German agitation of international
Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish
state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the
world.”26 ”
The proclamation
of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine,” warned an
internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, “would
create for Germany a new
enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the
Near East.”
Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state “would work to bring
special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving
legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry.”27 In
January 1939,
Hitler’s new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, likewise warned
in another circular bulletin that “Germany must regard the formation
of a Jewish state as dangerous” because it
“would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry.” 28
Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938
and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and
misgivings that his policies might
contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support
Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of
ridding Germany of its Jews,
he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. 29
Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic
restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and
1939. In response, the SS
security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine
Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into
Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several
convoys of ships succeeded in reaching
Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and
illegal, from Germany
(including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and
1939.
Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the
outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the
same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish
emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. 30
Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist
“kibbutz” training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate
in Hitler’s Germany. 31
The Transfer Agreement
The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era
was theTransfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of
German Jews to migrate
to Palestine with their wealth. The Agreement, also known as the
Ha’avara (Hebrew for “transfer”), was concluded in August 1933
following talks between German
officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish
Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. 32
Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine
deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to
purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps,
fertilizer, and so
forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the
Jewish-owned Ha’avara
company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish
emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to
his deposit in Germany.
German goods poured into Palestine through the Ha’avara, which was
supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which
Palestine oranges were
exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and
other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing
Jewish settlers and
development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the
German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group.
Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated
the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine
the international
Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But Zionist officials
reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Ha’avara
arrangement, stressed that
the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany. Arthur
Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped
negotiate the pact,
pointed out that “the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the
boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a
result of the agreement. . . .” 33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting
in Switzerland,
overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the
Zionist “shadow
government” in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha’avara,
which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its
abandonment.
Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany’s Consul
General in Jerusalem, Hans D_hle, for example, sharply criticized the
Agreement on several
occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign
exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact
would bring if sold elsewhere. The Ha’avara monopoly sale of German
goods to Palestine through a
Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there.
Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German
markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also
resented the arrangement.34
A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the
“foreign exchange sacrifices” that resulted from the Ha’avara. 35
A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry
reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: “There is no doubt that
the Ha’avara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the
very rapid development of Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided
not only the largest source of money
(from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants,
and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial
products essential for
development.” The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was
the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most
desirable target country as
far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important
drawbacks pointed out by Consul D_hle and others. The Interior
Minister, it went on, had
concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the
advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. 36
Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed
the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and
each time decided
to maintain the Ha’avara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from
Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. 37
The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer
company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria,
through which Jews in
foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost
$900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in
Palestine.38
Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration
concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after the Ha’avara. In
1937 Poland authorized the
Halifin (Hebrew for “exchange”) transfer company. By late summer 1939,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy had signed similar
arrangements.
The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale
implementation of these agreements. 39
Achievements of Ha’avara
Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine
through the Ha’avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about
ten percent of Germany’s 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews
made up about 15 percent
of Palestine’s 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha’avara emigrants
transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As
Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: “Many of these people,
especially in the late 1930s, were
allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories –
indeed rough replicas of their very existence.”40
The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the
Ha’avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million
pounds or 139.57 million
German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount
included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the
Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement.41
Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have
flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements
and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a
major impact on a
country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed
out.
Several major industrial enterprises were built with the capital from
Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile
firm. The influx of Ha’avara goods
and capital, concluded Black, “produced an economic explosion in
Jewish Palestine” and was “an indispensable factor in the creation of
the State of Israel.”42
The Ha’avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in
Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli
state. A January 1939 German
Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that
“the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha’avara
agreement] contributed to
no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine.”43
Former officials of the Ha’avara company in Palestine confirmed this
view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972:
“The economic activity
made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers
to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the
country’s development.
Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in
Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important
even today in the
economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara.”44
Dr.Ludwig Pinner, a Ha’avara company official in Tel Aviv during the
1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha’avara
immigrants “decisively
contributed” to the economic, social, cultural and educational
development of Palestine’s Jewish community.45
The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of
cooperation between Hitler’s Germany and international Zionism.
Through this pact, Hitler’s Third
Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support
Jewish development in Palestine.
Zionists Offer a Military Alliance With Hitler
In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization
submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a
military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made
by the radical underground “Fighters for
the Freedom of Israel,” better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its
leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical
nationalist “National Military Organization” (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over
the group’s attitude toward Britain, which
had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern
regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism.
This remarkable Zionist proposal “for the solution of the Jewish
question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in
the war on the side of
Germany” is worth quoting at some length:46
In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National
Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe
requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question
by evacuation.(“Jew-free Europe”)
The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for
solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally
achieved is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the
Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state
in its historical boundaries.
The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the
Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in
Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this
way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever.
The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich
government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany
and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that:
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From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:02:47 EDT 1998
Article: 5258 of pl.regionalne.krakow
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From: [email protected]
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Subject: Zionism and the Third Reich
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:39:15 GMT
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 15:15:29 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:27:16 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:40:38 -0600, [email protected] wrote:
Zionism and the Third Reich
Mark Weber
Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the
German
port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name,
“Tel Aviv,” while a
swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was
Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many
years later a traveler
aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a “metaphysical
absurdity.”1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a
little-known chapter of history: The
wide-ranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler’s Third Reich.
Common Aims
Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with
the “Jewish question”: that is, what is the proper role of Jews in
non-Jewish society? During
the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared
similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed
that Jews and Germans were
distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in
Germany.
Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as “Germans
of the Jewish faith,” but rather as members of a separate national
community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by
Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the
“Jewish homeland.” They could hardly regard themselves as sincere
Zionists and simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other
“foreign” country.
Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained
that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely
understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and
attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize
reality and live in a separate state of their own.
“The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers,”
he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. “Where it
does not exist, it is brought
in by arriving Jews. . . . I believe I understand anti-Semitism, which
is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew,
without hate or fear.” The Jewish question, he maintained, is not
social or religious. “It is a national
question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international
political issue. . . .”
Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not
merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk.
Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered
the world a welcome “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of
Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a
detailed memorandum to the
new government that reviewed German-Jewish relations and formally
offered Zionist support in “solving” the vexing “Jewish question.” The
first step, it suggested,
had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: 4
Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition,
which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in
the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one’s own
tradition. Zionism
recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend,
symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear . . .
Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people,
which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its
Christian and national
character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the
Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a
sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping
of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the
liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community
and collective responsibility . . .
We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that
can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question,
take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will
have to be dealt with by most European peoples . . .
Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and
sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial
realities.
Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals,
because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining
the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the
cultural domain, we – having been brought up in the German language
and German culture – can show an
interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration
and internal sympathy . . .
For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the
collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews,
because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are
involved but a real problem
whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment
especially the German people . . .
Boycott propaganda – such as is currently being carried on against
Germany in many ways – is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants
not to do battle but to convince and to build . . .
We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will
continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe
disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions
for other peoples.
The Federation’s paper, the Jüdische Rundschau (“Jewish Review”),
proclaimed the same message: “Zionism recognizes the existence of a
Jewish problem and
desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose
Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro-
or anti-Jewish, because, in its
view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental
problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested.”5 A young
Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz,
who later settled in the United States and became head of the American
Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden (“We Jews”), that
the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant “Jewry for the
Jews.” He explained: “No
subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new
concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race.” 6
Active Collaboration
On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and
nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what
each group believed was in its own
national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously
supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until
1940-1941, when the Second
World War prevented extensive collaboration.
Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews,
probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with
considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about
pulling up roots to begin a new
life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews
turned to Zionism
during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished
in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation’s
bi-weekly Judische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books
were published. “Zionist
work was in full swing” in Germany during those years, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected “in its
composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists.”7
The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An
internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging
support for Zionism by the
government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of
Germany’s Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish
self-awareness. Jewish
schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations – in
short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and
self-awareness – should be
promoted, the paper recommended.8
SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official
Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess
Zionist development there. Based
on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of
twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff
that appeared in late 1934 under
the heading “A Nazi Travels to Palestine.” The series expressed great
admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish
settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had
produced a new kind of Jew. He
praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the
entire world.
A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article,
“pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the
world: the Jewish
question.” Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one
side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint
SS-Zionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von
Mildenstein was promoted to head the
Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to
support Zionist migration and development more effectively. 9
The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support
for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: “The time may not be
too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who
have been lost to it for
more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official
goodwill, go with them.”10
Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: 11
The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not
on religion leads the German government to guarantee without
reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government
finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement
within Jewry, the so-called
Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the
world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis,
Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role
in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world.
A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service
>from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing “strictly
kosher food on its ships,
under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate.” 12
With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to “reeducate”
Germany’s Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his
1985 survey, The Third Reich
and the Palestine Question: “Zionists were encouraged to take their
message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on
Palestine and generally to
educate German Jews about Palestine. There was considerable pressure
to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans
and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them.” 13
In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist
Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation:
“The Gestapo did everything in
those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often
received their help when we required anything from other authorities
regarding preparations for emigration.” 14
At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag
adopted the so-called “Nuremberg laws” that prohibited marriages and
sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed
the Jews an alien minority
nationality. A few days later the Zionist Judische Rundschau
editorially welcomed the new measures: 15
Germany . . . is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress
when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national
minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is
again possible to
establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The
new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life,
its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own
schools, its own theatre, and its
own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all
aspects of national life . . .
Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for
itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the
Jewish minority:
Jewry’s process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and
a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable
relations between the two nations.
Georg Kareski, the head of both the “Revisionist” Zionist State
Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the
Berlin Jewish Community,
declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end
of 1935: 16
For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural
affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for
living together without conflict. . . . I have long supported such a
separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien
nationality. The Nuremberg Laws
. . . seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform
entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect.
. . . This interruption
of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had
been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish
point of view, entirely welcome.
Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S.
Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress, told a New
York rally in June 1938: “I am not an American citizen of the Jewish
faith, I am a Jew. . . . Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the
Jewish people a race and we are a race.” 17
The Interior Ministry’s Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard
L_sener,
expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a
November 1935 issue of the
official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: 18
If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them
were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely
resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of
opposition to
the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the
Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the
only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation
must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular
nationhood.
In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a
network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout
Germany where
prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine.
Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German
flag, Jews were specifically
guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national
banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at
the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler’s Germany. 19
Himmler’s security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist
underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid
Haganah official Feivel
Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help
in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah
was kept well informed
about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin
headquarters of the SS.20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included
secret deliveries of German
weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs.
21
In the aftermath of the November 1938 “Kristallnacht” outburst of
violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist
organization to get back on its feet
and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted
supervision. 22
Official Reservations
German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party
officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful
Jewish communities in the
United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize “their”
governments and
fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained
implacably hostile
towards National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority
of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the
Zionist “promised land,” a
sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really “solve” the
international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it
would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign.
German backing for Zionism was therefore
limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British
control, not a sovereign Jewish state. 23
A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats
in June 1937, would not be in Germany’s interest because it would not
be able to absorb all
Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power
base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as
a base for international Communism.24
Reflecting something of a shift in official policy,
the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for
Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when
tension and conflict between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. 25
A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in
spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, “it would
nevertheless be a mistake to
assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in
Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the
anti-German agitation of international
Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish
state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the
world.”26 ”
The proclamation
of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine,” warned an
internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, “would
create for Germany a new
enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the
Near East.”
Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state “would work to bring
special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving
legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry.”27 In
January 1939,
Hitler’s new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, likewise warned
in another circular bulletin that “Germany must regard the formation
of a Jewish state as dangerous” because it
“would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry.” 28
Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938
and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and
misgivings that his policies might
contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support
Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of
ridding Germany of its Jews,
he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. 29
Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic
restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and
1939. In response, the SS
security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine
Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into
Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several
convoys of ships succeeded in reaching
Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and
illegal, from Germany
(including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and
1939.
Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the
outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the
same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish
emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. 30
Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist
“kibbutz” training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate
in Hitler’s Germany. 31
The Transfer Agreement
The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era
was theTransfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of
German Jews to migrate
to Palestine with their wealth. The Agreement, also known as the
Ha’avara (Hebrew for “transfer”), was concluded in August 1933
following talks between German
officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish
Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. 32
Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine
deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to
purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps,
fertilizer, and so
forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the
Jewish-owned Ha’avara
company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish
emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to
his deposit in Germany.
German goods poured into Palestine through the Ha’avara, which was
supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which
Palestine oranges were
exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and
other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing
Jewish settlers and
development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the
German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group.
Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated
the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine
the international
Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But Zionist officials
reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Ha’avara
arrangement, stressed that
the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany. Arthur
Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped
negotiate the pact,
pointed out that “the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the
boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a
result of the agreement. . . .” 33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting
in Switzerland,
overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the
Zionist “shadow
government” in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha’avara,
which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its
abandonment.
Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany’s Consul
General in Jerusalem, Hans D_hle, for example, sharply criticized the
Agreement on several
occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign
exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact
would bring if sold elsewhere. The Ha’avara monopoly sale of German
goods to Palestine through a
Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there.
Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German
markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also
resented the arrangement.34
A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the
“foreign exchange sacrifices” that resulted from the Ha’avara. 35
A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry
reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: “There is no doubt that
the Ha’avara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the
very rapid development of Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided
not only the largest source of money
(from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants,
and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial
products essential for
development.” The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was
the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most
desirable target country as
far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important
drawbacks pointed out by Consul D_hle and others. The Interior
Minister, it went on, had
concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the
advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. 36
Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed
the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and
each time decided
to maintain the Ha’avara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from
Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. 37
The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer
company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria,
through which Jews in
foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost
$900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in
Palestine.38
Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration
concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after the Ha’avara. In
1937 Poland authorized the
Halifin (Hebrew for “exchange”) transfer company. By late summer 1939,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy had signed similar
arrangements.
The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale
implementation of these agreements. 39
Achievements of Ha’avara
Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine
through the Ha’avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about
ten percent of Germany’s 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews
made up about 15 percent
of Palestine’s 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha’avara emigrants
transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As
Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: “Many of these people,
especially in the late 1930s, were
allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories –
indeed rough replicas of their very existence.”40
The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the
Ha’avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million
pounds or 139.57 million
German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount
included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the
Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement.41
Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have
flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements
and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a
major impact on a
country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed
out.
Several major industrial enterprises were built with the capital from
Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile
firm. The influx of Ha’avara goods
and capital, concluded Black, “produced an economic explosion in
Jewish Palestine” and was “an indispensable factor in the creation of
the State of Israel.”42
The Ha’avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in
Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli
state. A January 1939 German
Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that
“the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha’avara
agreement] contributed to
no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine.”43
Former officials of the Ha’avara company in Palestine confirmed this
view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972:
“The economic activity
made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers
to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the
country’s development.
Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in
Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important
even today in the
economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara.”44
Dr.Ludwig Pinner, a Ha’avara company official in Tel Aviv during the
1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha’avara
immigrants “decisively
contributed” to the economic, social, cultural and educational
development of Palestine’s Jewish community.45
The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of
cooperation between Hitler’s Germany and international Zionism.
Through this pact, Hitler’s Third
Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support
Jewish development in Palestine.
Zionists Offer a Military Alliance With Hitler
In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization
submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a
military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made
by the radical underground “Fighters for
the Freedom of Israel,” better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its
leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical
nationalist “National Military Organization” (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over
the group’s attitude toward Britain, which
had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern
regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism.
This remarkable Zionist proposal “for the solution of the Jewish
question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in
the war on the side of
Germany” is worth quoting at some length:46
In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National
Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe
requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question
by evacuation.(“Jew-free Europe”)
The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for
solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally
achieved is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the
Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state
in its historical boundaries.
The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the
Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in
Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this
way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever.
The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich
government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany
and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that:
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From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:02:47 EDT 1998
Article: 5260 of pl.regionalne.krakow
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Moskal Replies to Critics of Auschwitz Cross
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:49:52 GMT
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On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:30:39 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Fri, 14 Aug 1998 22:38:57 GMT, [email protected] (Tron) wrote:
>Polonia Today Online at <www.poloniatoday.com> has been updated to
>include the following special stories:
>
>Edward Moskal, President of the Polish National Alliance (PNA) and
>Polish American Congress (PAC), has issued a strong reply to critics
>of the cross near the Auschwitz death camp.
>
>Plus … much more. You are invited to visit our website today. Become
>a subscriber to the printed edition and obtain even more news and
>information. Polonia Today is the up-to-date authoritative publication
>of record in Polonia.
>
><http://www.poloniatoday.com>
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:02:48 EDT 1998
Article: 5261 of pl.regionalne.krakow
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.lublin,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Soviets Were the JEWS!!!
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:51:38 GMT
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On Sat, 15 Aug 1998 18:53:41 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>On Fri, 24 Apr 1998 03:49:13 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>>For those concerned about the mass murders by the Soviet JEWS and the
>>KGB, attached is an article for consideration
>>Subject: Jews Dominated Bolshevism – Don’t Deny It
>>From: [email protected] (Roger Hughes)
>>Date: 22 Jul 1997 12:32:44 GMT
>>Organization: Anti-Hypocrisy Foundation
>>Patriot Fact Sheet : The Jews and Bolshevism
>>One of the most hushed-up facts concerning the so-called “Russian
>>Revolution” of 1917 is that Jews constituted the overwhelming majority
>>of the Bolshevik leadership. While the Jews, and those sympathetic to
>>them, continue to condemn anyone as “anti-Semitic” who brings up these
>>facts, it remains undeniable that communism was both a Jewish created
>>and lead revolutionary movement.
>>First, it is a well known fact that the father of communism,Karl Marx,
>>was a Jew and descended from long list of rabbis on his father’s side.
>>Whether he was a “religous” Jew is of no significant importance, since
>>Jewishness is not defined exclusively by adherance to Judaism. A great
>>bulk of Jews today would probably identify themselves as atheists, but
>>also nonetheless consider themselves Jews.
>>While some persons, who deny Jewish involvement in communism, will
>>concede that Marx was indeed Jewish, let’s see the them deny the
>>communist-Jewish connection as clearly exposed in diplomatic cables
>>that passed between American representatives in Russia and Washington
>>D.C. during the time of the Bolshevik take-over of Russia. The
>>following quotes are taken directly from documents available from the
>>U.S. Archives:
>>State Department document 861.00/1757 sent May 2, 1918 by U.S. consul
>>general in Moscow, Summers: “Jews prominant in local Soviet
>>government, anti-Jewish feeling growing among population….”
>>State Department document 861.00/2205 was sent from Vladivostok on
>>July 5, 1918 by U.S. consul Caldwell: “Fifty percent of Soviet
>>government in each town consists of Jews of the worst type.”
>>From the Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia on
>>March 1, 1919, comes this telegram from Omsk by Chief of Staff, Capt.
>>Montgomey Shuyler: “It is probably unwise to say this loudly in the
>>United States but the Bolshevik movement is and has been since it’s
>>beginning guided and controlled by Russian Jews of the greasiest
>>type.”
>>A second Schuyler telegram, dated June 9, 1919 from Vladivostok,
>>reports on the make-up of the presiding Soviet government: “…(T)here
>>were 384 `commissars’ including 2 negroes, 13 Russians, 15 Chinamen,
>>22 Armenians, AND MORE THAN 300 JEWS. Of the latter number, 264 had
>>come to Russia from the United States since the downfall of the
>>Imperial Government.”
>>With the notable exception of Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), most of the
>>leading Communists who took control of Russia in 1917-20 were Jews.
>>(Lenin has since been discovered by a former Soviet general, who had
>>access to the KGB archives, that Lenin was at least 25% Jewish!) Leon
>>Trotsky (Lev Bronstein) headed the Red Army and, for a time, was chief
>>of Soviet foreign affairs. Yakov Sverdlov (Solomon) was both the
>>Bolshevik party’s executive secretary and – as chairman of the Central
>>Executive Committee – head of the Soviet government. Grigori Zinoviev
>>(Radomyslsky) headed the Communist International (Comintern), the
>>central agency for spreading revolution in foreign countries. Other
>>prominent Jews included press commissar Karl Radek (Sobelsohn),
>>foreign affairs commissar Maxim Litvinov (Wallach), Lev Kamenev
>>(Rosenfeld) and Moisei Uritsky.
>>David R. Francis, United States ambassador in Russia, warned in a
>>January 1918 dispatch to Washington: “The Bolshevik leaders here, most
>>of whom are Jews and 90 percent of whom are returned exiles, care
>>little for Russia or any other country but are internationalists and
>>they are trying to start a worldwide social revolution.”
>>The Netherlands’ ambassador in Russia, Oudendyke, confirmed this:
>>”Unless Bolshevism is nipped in the bud immediately, it is bound to
>>spread in one form or another over Europe and the whole world as it is
>>organized and worked by Jews who have no nationality, and whose one
>>object is to destroy for their own ends the existing order of things.”
>>In case anyone thinks I’ve taken a few selected quotes out-of-context,
>>here’s three paragraphs from Dr. George A. Simons, a former
>>superintendent of the Methodist Missions in Russia, Bolshevik
>>Propaganda Hearing Before the Sub-Committee of the Committee on the
>>Judiciary, United States Senate, 65th Congress:
>>”We were told that hundreds of agitators had followed in the trail of
>>Trotsky (Bronstein) these men having come over from the lower east
>>side of New York. Some of them when they learned that I was the
>>American Pastor in Petrograd, stepped up to me and seemed very much
>>pleased that there was somebody who could speak English, and their
>>broken English showed that they had not qualified as being Americas. A
>>number of these men called on me and were impressed with the strange
>>Yiddish element in this thing right from the beginning, and it soon
>>became evident that more than half the agitators in the socalled
>>Bolshevik movement were Jews…I have a firm conviction that this
>>thing is Yiddish, and that one of its bases is found in the east side
>>of New York…The latest startling information, given me by someone
>>with good authority, startling information, is this, that in December,
>>1918, in the northern community of Petrograd that is what they call
>>the section of the Soviet regime under the Presidency of the man known
>>as Apfelbaum (Zinovieff) out of 388 members, only 16 happened to be
>>real Russians, with the exception of one man, a Negro from America who
>>calls himself Professor Gordon.
>>I was impressed with this, Senator, that shortly after the great
>>revolution of the winter of 1917, there were scores of Jews standing
>>on the benches and soap boxes, talking until their mouths frothed, and
>>I often remarked to my sister, ‘Well, what are we coming to anyway.
>>This all looks so Yiddish.’ Up to that time we had see very few Jews,
>>because there was, as you know, a restriction against having Jews in
>>Petrograd, but after the revolution they swarmed in there and most of
>>the agitators were Jews.
>>I might mention this, that when the Bolshevik came into power all over
>>Petrograd, we at once had a predominance of Yiddish proclamations, big
>>posters and everything in Yiddish. It became very evident that now
>>that was to be one of the great languages of Russia; and the real
>>Russians did not take kindly to it.”
>>Some might automatically assume that the preceeding sources are
>>”anti-Semitic” and therefore unreliable, but they’d be wrong. Here’s a
>>few Jewish sources that essentially substantiate the previous ones:
>>”The Bolshevik revolution in Russia was the work of Jewish brains, of
>>Jewish dissatisfaction, of Jewish planning, whose goal is to create a
>>new order in the world. What was performed in so excellent a way in
>>Russia, thanks to Jewish brains, and because of Jewish dissatisfaction
>>and by Jewish planning, shall also, through the same Jewish mental an
>>physical forces, become a reality all over the world.” (The American
>>Hebrew, September 10, 1920)
>>”There is much in the fact of Bolshevism itself, in the fact that so
>>many Jews are Bolshevists. The ideals of Bolshevism are consonant with
>>many of the highest ideals of Judaism.” (Jewish Chronicle, London
>>April, 4, 1919)
>>”Some call it Marxism I call it Judaism.” (The American Bulletin,
>>Rabbi S. Wise, May 5, 1935).
>>”In the Bolshevik era, 52 percent of the membership of the Soviet
>>communist party was Jewish, though Jews comprised only 1.8 percent of
>>the total population.” (Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin, p. 81)
>>Interestinly, one of the first acts by the Bolsheviks was to make
>>so-called “anti-Semitism” a capital crime. This is confirmed by Stalin
>>himself:
>>”National and racial chauvinism is a vestige of the misanthropic
>>customs characteristic of the period of cannibalism. Anti-semitism, as
>>an extreme form of racial chauvinism, is the most dangerous vestige of
>>cannibalism…under USSR law active anti-Semites are liable to the
>>death penalty.” (Stalin, Collected Works, vol. 13, p. 30).
>>While Christian churches across Russia were being destroyed and
>>clergymen murdered by Communist gangs, synogoges and rabbis were left
>>virtually untouched.
>>It was during this time that Bolshevik Commissars (many of them Jews)
>>conducted a horrendous reign of terror against the non-Jewish Russian
>>population. In one case alone, they deliberately starved to death 20
>>million Ukranian farmers during the 1920’s in one of the most vile
>>campaigns in history: In (the) Ukraine, “Jews made up nearly 80
>>percent of the rank-and-file Cheka agents,” reports W. Bruce Lincoln,
>>an American professor of Russian history. . . ”
>>Some modern historians estimate that upwards of 85 million persons
>>were murdered in the 70 years of communist rule in Russia, many of
>>them directly at the hands of Jews, and even more at the order of
>>Jewish Communist bosses.
>>Regards,
>>Roger Hughes
>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> http://www.natall.com
>> http://www.natvan.com
Never Forget the Morders at KATYN…
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:21 EDT 1998
Article: 292 of pl.regionalne.lodz
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa,pl.regionalne.krakow
Subject: Re: Zionism and the Third Reich
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:05:05 GMT
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 15:15:29 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:27:16 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:40:38 -0600, [email protected] wrote:
Zionism and the Third Reich
Mark Weber
Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the
German
port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name,
“Tel Aviv,” while a
swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was
Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many
years later a traveler
aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a “metaphysical
absurdity.”1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a
little-known chapter of history: The
wide-ranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler’s Third Reich.
Common Aims
Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with
the “Jewish question”: that is, what is the proper role of Jews in
non-Jewish society? During
the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared
similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed
that Jews and Germans were
distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in
Germany.
Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as “Germans
of the Jewish faith,” but rather as members of a separate national
community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by
Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the
“Jewish homeland.” They could hardly regard themselves as sincere
Zionists and simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other
“foreign” country.
Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained
that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely
understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and
attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize
reality and live in a separate state of their own.
“The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers,”
he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. “Where it
does not exist, it is brought
in by arriving Jews. . . . I believe I understand anti-Semitism, which
is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew,
without hate or fear.” The Jewish question, he maintained, is not
social or religious. “It is a national
question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international
political issue. . . .”
Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not
merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk.
Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered
the world a welcome “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of
Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a
detailed memorandum to the
new government that reviewed German-Jewish relations and formally
offered Zionist support in “solving” the vexing “Jewish question.” The
first step, it suggested,
had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: 4
Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition,
which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in
the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one’s own
tradition. Zionism
recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend,
symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear . . .
Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people,
which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its
Christian and national
character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the
Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a
sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping
of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the
liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community
and collective responsibility . . .
We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that
can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question,
take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will
have to be dealt with by most European peoples . . .
Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and
sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial
realities.
Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals,
because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining
the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the
cultural domain, we – having been brought up in the German language
and German culture – can show an
interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration
and internal sympathy . . .
For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the
collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews,
because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are
involved but a real problem
whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment
especially the German people . . .
Boycott propaganda – such as is currently being carried on against
Germany in many ways – is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants
not to do battle but to convince and to build . . .
We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will
continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe
disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions
for other peoples.
The Federation’s paper, the Jüdische Rundschau (“Jewish Review”),
proclaimed the same message: “Zionism recognizes the existence of a
Jewish problem and
desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose
Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro-
or anti-Jewish, because, in its
view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental
problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested.”5 A young
Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz,
who later settled in the United States and became head of the American
Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden (“We Jews”), that
the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant “Jewry for the
Jews.” He explained: “No
subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new
concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race.” 6
Active Collaboration
On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and
nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what
each group believed was in its own
national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously
supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until
1940-1941, when the Second
World War prevented extensive collaboration.
Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews,
probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with
considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about
pulling up roots to begin a new
life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews
turned to Zionism
during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished
in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation’s
bi-weekly Judische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books
were published. “Zionist
work was in full swing” in Germany during those years, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected “in its
composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists.”7
The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An
internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging
support for Zionism by the
government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of
Germany’s Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish
self-awareness. Jewish
schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations – in
short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and
self-awareness – should be
promoted, the paper recommended.8
SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official
Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess
Zionist development there. Based
on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of
twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff
that appeared in late 1934 under
the heading “A Nazi Travels to Palestine.” The series expressed great
admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish
settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had
produced a new kind of Jew. He
praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the
entire world.
A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article,
“pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the
world: the Jewish
question.” Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one
side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint
SS-Zionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von
Mildenstein was promoted to head the
Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to
support Zionist migration and development more effectively. 9
The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support
for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: “The time may not be
too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who
have been lost to it for
more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official
goodwill, go with them.”10
Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: 11
The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not
on religion leads the German government to guarantee without
reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government
finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement
within Jewry, the so-called
Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the
world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis,
Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role
in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world.
A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service
>from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing “strictly
kosher food on its ships,
under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate.” 12
With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to “reeducate”
Germany’s Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his
1985 survey, The Third Reich
and the Palestine Question: “Zionists were encouraged to take their
message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on
Palestine and generally to
educate German Jews about Palestine. There was considerable pressure
to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans
and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them.” 13
In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist
Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation:
“The Gestapo did everything in
those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often
received their help when we required anything from other authorities
regarding preparations for emigration.” 14
At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag
adopted the so-called “Nuremberg laws” that prohibited marriages and
sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed
the Jews an alien minority
nationality. A few days later the Zionist Judische Rundschau
editorially welcomed the new measures: 15
Germany . . . is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress
when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national
minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is
again possible to
establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The
new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life,
its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own
schools, its own theatre, and its
own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all
aspects of national life . . .
Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for
itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the
Jewish minority:
Jewry’s process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and
a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable
relations between the two nations.
Georg Kareski, the head of both the “Revisionist” Zionist State
Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the
Berlin Jewish Community,
declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end
of 1935: 16
For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural
affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for
living together without conflict. . . . I have long supported such a
separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien
nationality. The Nuremberg Laws
. . . seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform
entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect.
. . . This interruption
of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had
been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish
point of view, entirely welcome.
Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S.
Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress, told a New
York rally in June 1938: “I am not an American citizen of the Jewish
faith, I am a Jew. . . . Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the
Jewish people a race and we are a race.” 17
The Interior Ministry’s Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard
L_sener,
expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a
November 1935 issue of the
official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: 18
If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them
were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely
resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of
opposition to
the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the
Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the
only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation
must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular
nationhood.
In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a
network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout
Germany where
prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine.
Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German
flag, Jews were specifically
guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national
banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at
the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler’s Germany. 19
Himmler’s security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist
underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid
Haganah official Feivel
Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help
in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah
was kept well informed
about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin
headquarters of the SS.20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included
secret deliveries of German
weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs.
21
In the aftermath of the November 1938 “Kristallnacht” outburst of
violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist
organization to get back on its feet
and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted
supervision. 22
Official Reservations
German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party
officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful
Jewish communities in the
United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize “their”
governments and
fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained
implacably hostile
towards National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority
of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the
Zionist “promised land,” a
sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really “solve” the
international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it
would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign.
German backing for Zionism was therefore
limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British
control, not a sovereign Jewish state. 23
A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats
in June 1937, would not be in Germany’s interest because it would not
be able to absorb all
Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power
base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as
a base for international Communism.24
Reflecting something of a shift in official policy,
the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for
Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when
tension and conflict between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. 25
A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in
spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, “it would
nevertheless be a mistake to
assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in
Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the
anti-German agitation of international
Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish
state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the
world.”26 ”
The proclamation
of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine,” warned an
internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, “would
create for Germany a new
enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the
Near East.”
Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state “would work to bring
special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving
legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry.”27 In
January 1939,
Hitler’s new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, likewise warned
in another circular bulletin that “Germany must regard the formation
of a Jewish state as dangerous” because it
“would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry.” 28
Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938
and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and
misgivings that his policies might
contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support
Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of
ridding Germany of its Jews,
he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. 29
Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic
restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and
1939. In response, the SS
security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine
Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into
Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several
convoys of ships succeeded in reaching
Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and
illegal, from Germany
(including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and
1939.
Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the
outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the
same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish
emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. 30
Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist
“kibbutz” training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate
in Hitler’s Germany. 31
The Transfer Agreement
The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era
was theTransfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of
German Jews to migrate
to Palestine with their wealth. The Agreement, also known as the
Ha’avara (Hebrew for “transfer”), was concluded in August 1933
following talks between German
officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish
Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. 32
Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine
deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to
purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps,
fertilizer, and so
forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the
Jewish-owned Ha’avara
company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish
emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to
his deposit in Germany.
German goods poured into Palestine through the Ha’avara, which was
supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which
Palestine oranges were
exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and
other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing
Jewish settlers and
development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the
German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group.
Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated
the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine
the international
Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But Zionist officials
reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Ha’avara
arrangement, stressed that
the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany. Arthur
Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped
negotiate the pact,
pointed out that “the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the
boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a
result of the agreement. . . .” 33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting
in Switzerland,
overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the
Zionist “shadow
government” in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha’avara,
which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its
abandonment.
Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany’s Consul
General in Jerusalem, Hans D_hle, for example, sharply criticized the
Agreement on several
occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign
exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact
would bring if sold elsewhere. The Ha’avara monopoly sale of German
goods to Palestine through a
Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there.
Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German
markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also
resented the arrangement.34
A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the
“foreign exchange sacrifices” that resulted from the Ha’avara. 35
A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry
reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: “There is no doubt that
the Ha’avara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the
very rapid development of Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided
not only the largest source of money
(from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants,
and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial
products essential for
development.” The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was
the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most
desirable target country as
far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important
drawbacks pointed out by Consul D_hle and others. The Interior
Minister, it went on, had
concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the
advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. 36
Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed
the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and
each time decided
to maintain the Ha’avara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from
Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. 37
The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer
company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria,
through which Jews in
foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost
$900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in
Palestine.38
Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration
concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after the Ha’avara. In
1937 Poland authorized the
Halifin (Hebrew for “exchange”) transfer company. By late summer 1939,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy had signed similar
arrangements.
The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale
implementation of these agreements. 39
Achievements of Ha’avara
Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine
through the Ha’avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about
ten percent of Germany’s 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews
made up about 15 percent
of Palestine’s 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha’avara emigrants
transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As
Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: “Many of these people,
especially in the late 1930s, were
allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories –
indeed rough replicas of their very existence.”40
The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the
Ha’avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million
pounds or 139.57 million
German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount
included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the
Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement.41
Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have
flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements
and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a
major impact on a
country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed
out.
Several major industrial enterprises were built with the capital from
Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile
firm. The influx of Ha’avara goods
and capital, concluded Black, “produced an economic explosion in
Jewish Palestine” and was “an indispensable factor in the creation of
the State of Israel.”42
The Ha’avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in
Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli
state. A January 1939 German
Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that
“the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha’avara
agreement] contributed to
no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine.”43
Former officials of the Ha’avara company in Palestine confirmed this
view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972:
“The economic activity
made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers
to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the
country’s development.
Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in
Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important
even today in the
economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara.”44
Dr.Ludwig Pinner, a Ha’avara company official in Tel Aviv during the
1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha’avara
immigrants “decisively
contributed” to the economic, social, cultural and educational
development of Palestine’s Jewish community.45
The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of
cooperation between Hitler’s Germany and international Zionism.
Through this pact, Hitler’s Third
Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support
Jewish development in Palestine.
Zionists Offer a Military Alliance With Hitler
In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization
submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a
military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made
by the radical underground “Fighters for
the Freedom of Israel,” better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its
leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical
nationalist “National Military Organization” (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over
the group’s attitude toward Britain, which
had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern
regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism.
This remarkable Zionist proposal “for the solution of the Jewish
question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in
the war on the side of
Germany” is worth quoting at some length:46
In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National
Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe
requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question
by evacuation.(“Jew-free Europe”)
The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for
solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally
achieved is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the
Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state
in its historical boundaries.
The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the
Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in
Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this
way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever.
The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich
government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany
and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that:
>—–== Posted via Deja News, The Leader in Internet Discussion ==—–
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From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:22 EDT 1998
Article: 296 of pl.regionalne.lodz
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:15:18 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 85
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 14:56:10 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>In article <[email protected]>,
> [email protected] wrote:
>
>> Media around the world are now reporting on mass arrests worldwide of
>> people involved in kiddie porn distribution.
>>
>> This story from last year proves the foul involvement of some
>> people….
The Halifax Herald newspaper had another article regarding the latest
involvement of kiddie porn distribution in Baltimore,USA, dated 4th
April 1998.
Sven88
“c:\Program Files\Netscape\files\porn21.xp”
Article Segment 2 of 2
<A HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=%[email protected]%3e%231/2&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=192″>(Get Previous Segment)</A>
Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,” and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr. Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday, declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200 fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university, arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since. His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah, has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
http://www.nswpp.org/”>http://www.nswpp.org
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:22 EDT 1998
Article: 297 of pl.regionalne.lodz
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa,pl.regionalne.krakow
Subject: Zionism and the Third Reich
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:39:15 GMT
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 15:15:29 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:27:16 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:40:38 -0600, [email protected] wrote:
Zionism and the Third Reich
Mark Weber
Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the
German
port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name,
“Tel Aviv,” while a
swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was
Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many
years later a traveler
aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a “metaphysical
absurdity.”1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a
little-known chapter of history: The
wide-ranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler’s Third Reich.
Common Aims
Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with
the “Jewish question”: that is, what is the proper role of Jews in
non-Jewish society? During
the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared
similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed
that Jews and Germans were
distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in
Germany.
Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as “Germans
of the Jewish faith,” but rather as members of a separate national
community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by
Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the
“Jewish homeland.” They could hardly regard themselves as sincere
Zionists and simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other
“foreign” country.
Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained
that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely
understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and
attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize
reality and live in a separate state of their own.
“The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers,”
he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. “Where it
does not exist, it is brought
in by arriving Jews. . . . I believe I understand anti-Semitism, which
is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew,
without hate or fear.” The Jewish question, he maintained, is not
social or religious. “It is a national
question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international
political issue. . . .”
Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not
merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk.
Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered
the world a welcome “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of
Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a
detailed memorandum to the
new government that reviewed German-Jewish relations and formally
offered Zionist support in “solving” the vexing “Jewish question.” The
first step, it suggested,
had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: 4
Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition,
which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in
the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one’s own
tradition. Zionism
recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend,
symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear . . .
Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people,
which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its
Christian and national
character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the
Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a
sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping
of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the
liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community
and collective responsibility . . .
We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that
can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question,
take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will
have to be dealt with by most European peoples . . .
Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and
sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial
realities.
Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals,
because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining
the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the
cultural domain, we – having been brought up in the German language
and German culture – can show an
interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration
and internal sympathy . . .
For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the
collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews,
because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are
involved but a real problem
whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment
especially the German people . . .
Boycott propaganda – such as is currently being carried on against
Germany in many ways – is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants
not to do battle but to convince and to build . . .
We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will
continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe
disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions
for other peoples.
The Federation’s paper, the Jüdische Rundschau (“Jewish Review”),
proclaimed the same message: “Zionism recognizes the existence of a
Jewish problem and
desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose
Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro-
or anti-Jewish, because, in its
view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental
problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested.”5 A young
Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz,
who later settled in the United States and became head of the American
Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden (“We Jews”), that
the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant “Jewry for the
Jews.” He explained: “No
subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new
concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race.” 6
Active Collaboration
On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and
nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what
each group believed was in its own
national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously
supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until
1940-1941, when the Second
World War prevented extensive collaboration.
Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews,
probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with
considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about
pulling up roots to begin a new
life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews
turned to Zionism
during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished
in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation’s
bi-weekly Judische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books
were published. “Zionist
work was in full swing” in Germany during those years, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected “in its
composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists.”7
The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An
internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging
support for Zionism by the
government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of
Germany’s Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish
self-awareness. Jewish
schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations – in
short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and
self-awareness – should be
promoted, the paper recommended.8
SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official
Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess
Zionist development there. Based
on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of
twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff
that appeared in late 1934 under
the heading “A Nazi Travels to Palestine.” The series expressed great
admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish
settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had
produced a new kind of Jew. He
praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the
entire world.
A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article,
“pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the
world: the Jewish
question.” Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one
side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint
SS-Zionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von
Mildenstein was promoted to head the
Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to
support Zionist migration and development more effectively. 9
The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support
for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: “The time may not be
too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who
have been lost to it for
more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official
goodwill, go with them.”10
Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: 11
The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not
on religion leads the German government to guarantee without
reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government
finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement
within Jewry, the so-called
Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the
world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis,
Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role
in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world.
A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service
>from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing “strictly
kosher food on its ships,
under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate.” 12
With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to “reeducate”
Germany’s Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his
1985 survey, The Third Reich
and the Palestine Question: “Zionists were encouraged to take their
message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on
Palestine and generally to
educate German Jews about Palestine. There was considerable pressure
to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans
and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them.” 13
In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist
Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation:
“The Gestapo did everything in
those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often
received their help when we required anything from other authorities
regarding preparations for emigration.” 14
At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag
adopted the so-called “Nuremberg laws” that prohibited marriages and
sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed
the Jews an alien minority
nationality. A few days later the Zionist Judische Rundschau
editorially welcomed the new measures: 15
Germany . . . is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress
when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national
minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is
again possible to
establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The
new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life,
its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own
schools, its own theatre, and its
own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all
aspects of national life . . .
Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for
itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the
Jewish minority:
Jewry’s process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and
a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable
relations between the two nations.
Georg Kareski, the head of both the “Revisionist” Zionist State
Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the
Berlin Jewish Community,
declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end
of 1935: 16
For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural
affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for
living together without conflict. . . . I have long supported such a
separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien
nationality. The Nuremberg Laws
. . . seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform
entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect.
. . . This interruption
of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had
been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish
point of view, entirely welcome.
Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S.
Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress, told a New
York rally in June 1938: “I am not an American citizen of the Jewish
faith, I am a Jew. . . . Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the
Jewish people a race and we are a race.” 17
The Interior Ministry’s Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard
L_sener,
expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a
November 1935 issue of the
official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: 18
If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them
were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely
resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of
opposition to
the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the
Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the
only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation
must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular
nationhood.
In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a
network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout
Germany where
prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine.
Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German
flag, Jews were specifically
guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national
banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at
the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler’s Germany. 19
Himmler’s security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist
underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid
Haganah official Feivel
Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help
in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah
was kept well informed
about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin
headquarters of the SS.20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included
secret deliveries of German
weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs.
21
In the aftermath of the November 1938 “Kristallnacht” outburst of
violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist
organization to get back on its feet
and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted
supervision. 22
Official Reservations
German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party
officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful
Jewish communities in the
United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize “their”
governments and
fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained
implacably hostile
towards National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority
of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the
Zionist “promised land,” a
sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really “solve” the
international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it
would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign.
German backing for Zionism was therefore
limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British
control, not a sovereign Jewish state. 23
A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats
in June 1937, would not be in Germany’s interest because it would not
be able to absorb all
Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power
base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as
a base for international Communism.24
Reflecting something of a shift in official policy,
the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for
Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when
tension and conflict between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. 25
A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in
spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, “it would
nevertheless be a mistake to
assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in
Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the
anti-German agitation of international
Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish
state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the
world.”26 ”
The proclamation
of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine,” warned an
internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, “would
create for Germany a new
enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the
Near East.”
Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state “would work to bring
special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving
legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry.”27 In
January 1939,
Hitler’s new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, likewise warned
in another circular bulletin that “Germany must regard the formation
of a Jewish state as dangerous” because it
“would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry.” 28
Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938
and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and
misgivings that his policies might
contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support
Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of
ridding Germany of its Jews,
he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. 29
Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic
restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and
1939. In response, the SS
security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine
Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into
Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several
convoys of ships succeeded in reaching
Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and
illegal, from Germany
(including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and
1939.
Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the
outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the
same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish
emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. 30
Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist
“kibbutz” training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate
in Hitler’s Germany. 31
The Transfer Agreement
The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era
was theTransfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of
German Jews to migrate
to Palestine with their wealth. The Agreement, also known as the
Ha’avara (Hebrew for “transfer”), was concluded in August 1933
following talks between German
officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish
Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. 32
Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine
deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to
purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps,
fertilizer, and so
forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the
Jewish-owned Ha’avara
company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish
emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to
his deposit in Germany.
German goods poured into Palestine through the Ha’avara, which was
supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which
Palestine oranges were
exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and
other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing
Jewish settlers and
development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the
German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group.
Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated
the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine
the international
Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But Zionist officials
reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Ha’avara
arrangement, stressed that
the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany. Arthur
Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped
negotiate the pact,
pointed out that “the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the
boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a
result of the agreement. . . .” 33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting
in Switzerland,
overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the
Zionist “shadow
government” in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha’avara,
which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its
abandonment.
Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany’s Consul
General in Jerusalem, Hans D_hle, for example, sharply criticized the
Agreement on several
occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign
exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact
would bring if sold elsewhere. The Ha’avara monopoly sale of German
goods to Palestine through a
Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there.
Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German
markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also
resented the arrangement.34
A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the
“foreign exchange sacrifices” that resulted from the Ha’avara. 35
A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry
reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: “There is no doubt that
the Ha’avara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the
very rapid development of Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided
not only the largest source of money
(from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants,
and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial
products essential for
development.” The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was
the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most
desirable target country as
far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important
drawbacks pointed out by Consul D_hle and others. The Interior
Minister, it went on, had
concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the
advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. 36
Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed
the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and
each time decided
to maintain the Ha’avara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from
Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. 37
The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer
company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria,
through which Jews in
foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost
$900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in
Palestine.38
Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration
concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after the Ha’avara. In
1937 Poland authorized the
Halifin (Hebrew for “exchange”) transfer company. By late summer 1939,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy had signed similar
arrangements.
The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale
implementation of these agreements. 39
Achievements of Ha’avara
Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine
through the Ha’avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about
ten percent of Germany’s 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews
made up about 15 percent
of Palestine’s 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha’avara emigrants
transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As
Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: “Many of these people,
especially in the late 1930s, were
allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories –
indeed rough replicas of their very existence.”40
The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the
Ha’avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million
pounds or 139.57 million
German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount
included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the
Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement.41
Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have
flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements
and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a
major impact on a
country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed
out.
Several major industrial enterprises were built with the capital from
Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile
firm. The influx of Ha’avara goods
and capital, concluded Black, “produced an economic explosion in
Jewish Palestine” and was “an indispensable factor in the creation of
the State of Israel.”42
The Ha’avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in
Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli
state. A January 1939 German
Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that
“the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha’avara
agreement] contributed to
no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine.”43
Former officials of the Ha’avara company in Palestine confirmed this
view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972:
“The economic activity
made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers
to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the
country’s development.
Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in
Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important
even today in the
economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara.”44
Dr.Ludwig Pinner, a Ha’avara company official in Tel Aviv during the
1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha’avara
immigrants “decisively
contributed” to the economic, social, cultural and educational
development of Palestine’s Jewish community.45
The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of
cooperation between Hitler’s Germany and international Zionism.
Through this pact, Hitler’s Third
Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support
Jewish development in Palestine.
Zionists Offer a Military Alliance With Hitler
In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization
submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a
military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made
by the radical underground “Fighters for
the Freedom of Israel,” better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its
leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical
nationalist “National Military Organization” (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over
the group’s attitude toward Britain, which
had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern
regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism.
This remarkable Zionist proposal “for the solution of the Jewish
question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in
the war on the side of
Germany” is worth quoting at some length:46
In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National
Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe
requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question
by evacuation.(“Jew-free Europe”)
The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for
solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally
achieved is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the
Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state
in its historical boundaries.
The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the
Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in
Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this
way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever.
The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich
government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany
and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that:
>—–== Posted via Deja News, The Leader in Internet Discussion ==—–
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From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:23 EDT 1998
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Moskal Replies to Critics of Auschwitz Cross
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:49:52 GMT
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On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:30:39 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Fri, 14 Aug 1998 22:38:57 GMT, [email protected] (Tron) wrote:
>Polonia Today Online at <www.poloniatoday.com> has been updated to
>include the following special stories:
>
>Edward Moskal, President of the Polish National Alliance (PNA) and
>Polish American Congress (PAC), has issued a strong reply to critics
>of the cross near the Auschwitz death camp.
>
>Plus … much more. You are invited to visit our website today. Become
>a subscriber to the printed edition and obtain even more news and
>information. Polonia Today is the up-to-date authoritative publication
>of record in Polonia.
>
><http://www.poloniatoday.com>
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:24 EDT 1998
Article: 302 of pl.regionalne.lodz
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.lublin,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Soviets Were the JEWS!!!
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:51:38 GMT
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On Sat, 15 Aug 1998 18:53:41 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>On Fri, 24 Apr 1998 03:49:13 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>>For those concerned about the mass murders by the Soviet JEWS and the
>>KGB, attached is an article for consideration
>>Subject: Jews Dominated Bolshevism – Don’t Deny It
>>From: [email protected] (Roger Hughes)
>>Date: 22 Jul 1997 12:32:44 GMT
>>Organization: Anti-Hypocrisy Foundation
>>Patriot Fact Sheet : The Jews and Bolshevism
>>One of the most hushed-up facts concerning the so-called “Russian
>>Revolution” of 1917 is that Jews constituted the overwhelming majority
>>of the Bolshevik leadership. While the Jews, and those sympathetic to
>>them, continue to condemn anyone as “anti-Semitic” who brings up these
>>facts, it remains undeniable that communism was both a Jewish created
>>and lead revolutionary movement.
>>First, it is a well known fact that the father of communism,Karl Marx,
>>was a Jew and descended from long list of rabbis on his father’s side.
>>Whether he was a “religous” Jew is of no significant importance, since
>>Jewishness is not defined exclusively by adherance to Judaism. A great
>>bulk of Jews today would probably identify themselves as atheists, but
>>also nonetheless consider themselves Jews.
>>While some persons, who deny Jewish involvement in communism, will
>>concede that Marx was indeed Jewish, let’s see the them deny the
>>communist-Jewish connection as clearly exposed in diplomatic cables
>>that passed between American representatives in Russia and Washington
>>D.C. during the time of the Bolshevik take-over of Russia. The
>>following quotes are taken directly from documents available from the
>>U.S. Archives:
>>State Department document 861.00/1757 sent May 2, 1918 by U.S. consul
>>general in Moscow, Summers: “Jews prominant in local Soviet
>>government, anti-Jewish feeling growing among population….”
>>State Department document 861.00/2205 was sent from Vladivostok on
>>July 5, 1918 by U.S. consul Caldwell: “Fifty percent of Soviet
>>government in each town consists of Jews of the worst type.”
>>From the Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia on
>>March 1, 1919, comes this telegram from Omsk by Chief of Staff, Capt.
>>Montgomey Shuyler: “It is probably unwise to say this loudly in the
>>United States but the Bolshevik movement is and has been since it’s
>>beginning guided and controlled by Russian Jews of the greasiest
>>type.”
>>A second Schuyler telegram, dated June 9, 1919 from Vladivostok,
>>reports on the make-up of the presiding Soviet government: “…(T)here
>>were 384 `commissars’ including 2 negroes, 13 Russians, 15 Chinamen,
>>22 Armenians, AND MORE THAN 300 JEWS. Of the latter number, 264 had
>>come to Russia from the United States since the downfall of the
>>Imperial Government.”
>>With the notable exception of Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), most of the
>>leading Communists who took control of Russia in 1917-20 were Jews.
>>(Lenin has since been discovered by a former Soviet general, who had
>>access to the KGB archives, that Lenin was at least 25% Jewish!) Leon
>>Trotsky (Lev Bronstein) headed the Red Army and, for a time, was chief
>>of Soviet foreign affairs. Yakov Sverdlov (Solomon) was both the
>>Bolshevik party’s executive secretary and – as chairman of the Central
>>Executive Committee – head of the Soviet government. Grigori Zinoviev
>>(Radomyslsky) headed the Communist International (Comintern), the
>>central agency for spreading revolution in foreign countries. Other
>>prominent Jews included press commissar Karl Radek (Sobelsohn),
>>foreign affairs commissar Maxim Litvinov (Wallach), Lev Kamenev
>>(Rosenfeld) and Moisei Uritsky.
>>David R. Francis, United States ambassador in Russia, warned in a
>>January 1918 dispatch to Washington: “The Bolshevik leaders here, most
>>of whom are Jews and 90 percent of whom are returned exiles, care
>>little for Russia or any other country but are internationalists and
>>they are trying to start a worldwide social revolution.”
>>The Netherlands’ ambassador in Russia, Oudendyke, confirmed this:
>>”Unless Bolshevism is nipped in the bud immediately, it is bound to
>>spread in one form or another over Europe and the whole world as it is
>>organized and worked by Jews who have no nationality, and whose one
>>object is to destroy for their own ends the existing order of things.”
>>In case anyone thinks I’ve taken a few selected quotes out-of-context,
>>here’s three paragraphs from Dr. George A. Simons, a former
>>superintendent of the Methodist Missions in Russia, Bolshevik
>>Propaganda Hearing Before the Sub-Committee of the Committee on the
>>Judiciary, United States Senate, 65th Congress:
>>”We were told that hundreds of agitators had followed in the trail of
>>Trotsky (Bronstein) these men having come over from the lower east
>>side of New York. Some of them when they learned that I was the
>>American Pastor in Petrograd, stepped up to me and seemed very much
>>pleased that there was somebody who could speak English, and their
>>broken English showed that they had not qualified as being Americas. A
>>number of these men called on me and were impressed with the strange
>>Yiddish element in this thing right from the beginning, and it soon
>>became evident that more than half the agitators in the socalled
>>Bolshevik movement were Jews…I have a firm conviction that this
>>thing is Yiddish, and that one of its bases is found in the east side
>>of New York…The latest startling information, given me by someone
>>with good authority, startling information, is this, that in December,
>>1918, in the northern community of Petrograd that is what they call
>>the section of the Soviet regime under the Presidency of the man known
>>as Apfelbaum (Zinovieff) out of 388 members, only 16 happened to be
>>real Russians, with the exception of one man, a Negro from America who
>>calls himself Professor Gordon.
>>I was impressed with this, Senator, that shortly after the great
>>revolution of the winter of 1917, there were scores of Jews standing
>>on the benches and soap boxes, talking until their mouths frothed, and
>>I often remarked to my sister, ‘Well, what are we coming to anyway.
>>This all looks so Yiddish.’ Up to that time we had see very few Jews,
>>because there was, as you know, a restriction against having Jews in
>>Petrograd, but after the revolution they swarmed in there and most of
>>the agitators were Jews.
>>I might mention this, that when the Bolshevik came into power all over
>>Petrograd, we at once had a predominance of Yiddish proclamations, big
>>posters and everything in Yiddish. It became very evident that now
>>that was to be one of the great languages of Russia; and the real
>>Russians did not take kindly to it.”
>>Some might automatically assume that the preceeding sources are
>>”anti-Semitic” and therefore unreliable, but they’d be wrong. Here’s a
>>few Jewish sources that essentially substantiate the previous ones:
>>”The Bolshevik revolution in Russia was the work of Jewish brains, of
>>Jewish dissatisfaction, of Jewish planning, whose goal is to create a
>>new order in the world. What was performed in so excellent a way in
>>Russia, thanks to Jewish brains, and because of Jewish dissatisfaction
>>and by Jewish planning, shall also, through the same Jewish mental an
>>physical forces, become a reality all over the world.” (The American
>>Hebrew, September 10, 1920)
>>”There is much in the fact of Bolshevism itself, in the fact that so
>>many Jews are Bolshevists. The ideals of Bolshevism are consonant with
>>many of the highest ideals of Judaism.” (Jewish Chronicle, London
>>April, 4, 1919)
>>”Some call it Marxism I call it Judaism.” (The American Bulletin,
>>Rabbi S. Wise, May 5, 1935).
>>”In the Bolshevik era, 52 percent of the membership of the Soviet
>>communist party was Jewish, though Jews comprised only 1.8 percent of
>>the total population.” (Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin, p. 81)
>>Interestinly, one of the first acts by the Bolsheviks was to make
>>so-called “anti-Semitism” a capital crime. This is confirmed by Stalin
>>himself:
>>”National and racial chauvinism is a vestige of the misanthropic
>>customs characteristic of the period of cannibalism. Anti-semitism, as
>>an extreme form of racial chauvinism, is the most dangerous vestige of
>>cannibalism…under USSR law active anti-Semites are liable to the
>>death penalty.” (Stalin, Collected Works, vol. 13, p. 30).
>>While Christian churches across Russia were being destroyed and
>>clergymen murdered by Communist gangs, synogoges and rabbis were left
>>virtually untouched.
>>It was during this time that Bolshevik Commissars (many of them Jews)
>>conducted a horrendous reign of terror against the non-Jewish Russian
>>population. In one case alone, they deliberately starved to death 20
>>million Ukranian farmers during the 1920’s in one of the most vile
>>campaigns in history: In (the) Ukraine, “Jews made up nearly 80
>>percent of the rank-and-file Cheka agents,” reports W. Bruce Lincoln,
>>an American professor of Russian history. . . ”
>>Some modern historians estimate that upwards of 85 million persons
>>were murdered in the 70 years of communist rule in Russia, many of
>>them directly at the hands of Jews, and even more at the order of
>>Jewish Communist bosses.
>>Regards,
>>Roger Hughes
>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> http://www.natall.com
>> http://www.natvan.com
Never Forget the Morders at KATYN…
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:41 EDT 1998
Article: 8495 of pl.regionalne.warszawa
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa,pl.regionalne.krakow
Subject: Re: Zionism and the Third Reich
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:05:05 GMT
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 15:15:29 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:27:16 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:40:38 -0600, [email protected] wrote:
Zionism and the Third Reich
Mark Weber
Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the
German
port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name,
“Tel Aviv,” while a
swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was
Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many
years later a traveler
aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a “metaphysical
absurdity.”1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a
little-known chapter of history: The
wide-ranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler’s Third Reich.
Common Aims
Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with
the “Jewish question”: that is, what is the proper role of Jews in
non-Jewish society? During
the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared
similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed
that Jews and Germans were
distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in
Germany.
Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as “Germans
of the Jewish faith,” but rather as members of a separate national
community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by
Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the
“Jewish homeland.” They could hardly regard themselves as sincere
Zionists and simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other
“foreign” country.
Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained
that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely
understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and
attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize
reality and live in a separate state of their own.
“The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers,”
he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. “Where it
does not exist, it is brought
in by arriving Jews. . . . I believe I understand anti-Semitism, which
is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew,
without hate or fear.” The Jewish question, he maintained, is not
social or religious. “It is a national
question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international
political issue. . . .”
Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not
merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk.
Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered
the world a welcome “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of
Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a
detailed memorandum to the
new government that reviewed German-Jewish relations and formally
offered Zionist support in “solving” the vexing “Jewish question.” The
first step, it suggested,
had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: 4
Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition,
which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in
the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one’s own
tradition. Zionism
recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend,
symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear . . .
Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people,
which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its
Christian and national
character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the
Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a
sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping
of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the
liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community
and collective responsibility . . .
We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that
can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question,
take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will
have to be dealt with by most European peoples . . .
Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and
sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial
realities.
Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals,
because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining
the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the
cultural domain, we – having been brought up in the German language
and German culture – can show an
interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration
and internal sympathy . . .
For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the
collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews,
because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are
involved but a real problem
whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment
especially the German people . . .
Boycott propaganda – such as is currently being carried on against
Germany in many ways – is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants
not to do battle but to convince and to build . . .
We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will
continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe
disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions
for other peoples.
The Federation’s paper, the Jüdische Rundschau (“Jewish Review”),
proclaimed the same message: “Zionism recognizes the existence of a
Jewish problem and
desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose
Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro-
or anti-Jewish, because, in its
view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental
problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested.”5 A young
Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz,
who later settled in the United States and became head of the American
Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden (“We Jews”), that
the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant “Jewry for the
Jews.” He explained: “No
subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new
concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race.” 6
Active Collaboration
On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and
nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what
each group believed was in its own
national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously
supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until
1940-1941, when the Second
World War prevented extensive collaboration.
Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews,
probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with
considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about
pulling up roots to begin a new
life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews
turned to Zionism
during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished
in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation’s
bi-weekly Judische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books
were published. “Zionist
work was in full swing” in Germany during those years, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected “in its
composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists.”7
The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An
internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging
support for Zionism by the
government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of
Germany’s Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish
self-awareness. Jewish
schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations – in
short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and
self-awareness – should be
promoted, the paper recommended.8
SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official
Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess
Zionist development there. Based
on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of
twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff
that appeared in late 1934 under
the heading “A Nazi Travels to Palestine.” The series expressed great
admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish
settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had
produced a new kind of Jew. He
praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the
entire world.
A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article,
“pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the
world: the Jewish
question.” Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one
side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint
SS-Zionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von
Mildenstein was promoted to head the
Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to
support Zionist migration and development more effectively. 9
The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support
for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: “The time may not be
too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who
have been lost to it for
more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official
goodwill, go with them.”10
Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: 11
The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not
on religion leads the German government to guarantee without
reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government
finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement
within Jewry, the so-called
Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the
world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis,
Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role
in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world.
A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service
>from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing “strictly
kosher food on its ships,
under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate.” 12
With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to “reeducate”
Germany’s Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his
1985 survey, The Third Reich
and the Palestine Question: “Zionists were encouraged to take their
message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on
Palestine and generally to
educate German Jews about Palestine. There was considerable pressure
to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans
and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them.” 13
In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist
Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation:
“The Gestapo did everything in
those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often
received their help when we required anything from other authorities
regarding preparations for emigration.” 14
At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag
adopted the so-called “Nuremberg laws” that prohibited marriages and
sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed
the Jews an alien minority
nationality. A few days later the Zionist Judische Rundschau
editorially welcomed the new measures: 15
Germany . . . is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress
when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national
minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is
again possible to
establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The
new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life,
its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own
schools, its own theatre, and its
own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all
aspects of national life . . .
Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for
itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the
Jewish minority:
Jewry’s process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and
a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable
relations between the two nations.
Georg Kareski, the head of both the “Revisionist” Zionist State
Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the
Berlin Jewish Community,
declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end
of 1935: 16
For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural
affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for
living together without conflict. . . . I have long supported such a
separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien
nationality. The Nuremberg Laws
. . . seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform
entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect.
. . . This interruption
of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had
been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish
point of view, entirely welcome.
Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S.
Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress, told a New
York rally in June 1938: “I am not an American citizen of the Jewish
faith, I am a Jew. . . . Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the
Jewish people a race and we are a race.” 17
The Interior Ministry’s Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard
L_sener,
expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a
November 1935 issue of the
official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: 18
If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them
were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely
resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of
opposition to
the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the
Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the
only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation
must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular
nationhood.
In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a
network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout
Germany where
prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine.
Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German
flag, Jews were specifically
guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national
banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at
the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler’s Germany. 19
Himmler’s security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist
underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid
Haganah official Feivel
Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help
in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah
was kept well informed
about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin
headquarters of the SS.20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included
secret deliveries of German
weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs.
21
In the aftermath of the November 1938 “Kristallnacht” outburst of
violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist
organization to get back on its feet
and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted
supervision. 22
Official Reservations
German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party
officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful
Jewish communities in the
United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize “their”
governments and
fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained
implacably hostile
towards National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority
of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the
Zionist “promised land,” a
sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really “solve” the
international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it
would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign.
German backing for Zionism was therefore
limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British
control, not a sovereign Jewish state. 23
A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats
in June 1937, would not be in Germany’s interest because it would not
be able to absorb all
Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power
base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as
a base for international Communism.24
Reflecting something of a shift in official policy,
the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for
Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when
tension and conflict between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. 25
A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in
spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, “it would
nevertheless be a mistake to
assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in
Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the
anti-German agitation of international
Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish
state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the
world.”26 ”
The proclamation
of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine,” warned an
internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, “would
create for Germany a new
enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the
Near East.”
Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state “would work to bring
special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving
legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry.”27 In
January 1939,
Hitler’s new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, likewise warned
in another circular bulletin that “Germany must regard the formation
of a Jewish state as dangerous” because it
“would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry.” 28
Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938
and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and
misgivings that his policies might
contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support
Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of
ridding Germany of its Jews,
he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. 29
Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic
restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and
1939. In response, the SS
security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine
Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into
Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several
convoys of ships succeeded in reaching
Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and
illegal, from Germany
(including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and
1939.
Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the
outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the
same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish
emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. 30
Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist
“kibbutz” training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate
in Hitler’s Germany. 31
The Transfer Agreement
The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era
was theTransfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of
German Jews to migrate
to Palestine with their wealth. The Agreement, also known as the
Ha’avara (Hebrew for “transfer”), was concluded in August 1933
following talks between German
officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish
Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. 32
Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine
deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to
purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps,
fertilizer, and so
forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the
Jewish-owned Ha’avara
company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish
emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to
his deposit in Germany.
German goods poured into Palestine through the Ha’avara, which was
supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which
Palestine oranges were
exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and
other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing
Jewish settlers and
development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the
German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group.
Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated
the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine
the international
Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But Zionist officials
reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Ha’avara
arrangement, stressed that
the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany. Arthur
Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped
negotiate the pact,
pointed out that “the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the
boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a
result of the agreement. . . .” 33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting
in Switzerland,
overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the
Zionist “shadow
government” in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha’avara,
which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its
abandonment.
Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany’s Consul
General in Jerusalem, Hans D_hle, for example, sharply criticized the
Agreement on several
occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign
exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact
would bring if sold elsewhere. The Ha’avara monopoly sale of German
goods to Palestine through a
Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there.
Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German
markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also
resented the arrangement.34
A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the
“foreign exchange sacrifices” that resulted from the Ha’avara. 35
A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry
reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: “There is no doubt that
the Ha’avara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the
very rapid development of Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided
not only the largest source of money
(from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants,
and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial
products essential for
development.” The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was
the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most
desirable target country as
far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important
drawbacks pointed out by Consul D_hle and others. The Interior
Minister, it went on, had
concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the
advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. 36
Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed
the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and
each time decided
to maintain the Ha’avara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from
Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. 37
The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer
company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria,
through which Jews in
foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost
$900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in
Palestine.38
Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration
concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after the Ha’avara. In
1937 Poland authorized the
Halifin (Hebrew for “exchange”) transfer company. By late summer 1939,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy had signed similar
arrangements.
The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale
implementation of these agreements. 39
Achievements of Ha’avara
Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine
through the Ha’avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about
ten percent of Germany’s 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews
made up about 15 percent
of Palestine’s 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha’avara emigrants
transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As
Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: “Many of these people,
especially in the late 1930s, were
allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories –
indeed rough replicas of their very existence.”40
The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the
Ha’avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million
pounds or 139.57 million
German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount
included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the
Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement.41
Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have
flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements
and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a
major impact on a
country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed
out.
Several major industrial enterprises were built with the capital from
Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile
firm. The influx of Ha’avara goods
and capital, concluded Black, “produced an economic explosion in
Jewish Palestine” and was “an indispensable factor in the creation of
the State of Israel.”42
The Ha’avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in
Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli
state. A January 1939 German
Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that
“the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha’avara
agreement] contributed to
no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine.”43
Former officials of the Ha’avara company in Palestine confirmed this
view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972:
“The economic activity
made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers
to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the
country’s development.
Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in
Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important
even today in the
economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara.”44
Dr.Ludwig Pinner, a Ha’avara company official in Tel Aviv during the
1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha’avara
immigrants “decisively
contributed” to the economic, social, cultural and educational
development of Palestine’s Jewish community.45
The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of
cooperation between Hitler’s Germany and international Zionism.
Through this pact, Hitler’s Third
Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support
Jewish development in Palestine.
Zionists Offer a Military Alliance With Hitler
In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization
submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a
military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made
by the radical underground “Fighters for
the Freedom of Israel,” better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its
leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical
nationalist “National Military Organization” (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over
the group’s attitude toward Britain, which
had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern
regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism.
This remarkable Zionist proposal “for the solution of the Jewish
question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in
the war on the side of
Germany” is worth quoting at some length:46
In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National
Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe
requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question
by evacuation.(“Jew-free Europe”)
The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for
solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally
achieved is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the
Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state
in its historical boundaries.
The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the
Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in
Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this
way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever.
The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich
government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany
and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that:
>—–== Posted via Deja News, The Leader in Internet Discussion ==—–
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From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:42 EDT 1998
Article: 8499 of pl.regionalne.warszawa
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:15:18 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 14:56:10 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>In article <[email protected]>,
> [email protected] wrote:
>
>> Media around the world are now reporting on mass arrests worldwide of
>> people involved in kiddie porn distribution.
>>
>> This story from last year proves the foul involvement of some
>> people….
The Halifax Herald newspaper had another article regarding the latest
involvement of kiddie porn distribution in Baltimore,USA, dated 4th
April 1998.
Sven88
“c:\Program Files\Netscape\files\porn21.xp”
Article Segment 2 of 2
<A HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=%[email protected]%3e%231/2&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=192″>(Get Previous Segment)</A>
Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,” and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr. Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday, declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200 fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university, arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since. His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah, has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
http://www.nswpp.org/”>http://www.nswpp.org
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:42 EDT 1998
Article: 8501 of pl.regionalne.warszawa
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa,pl.regionalne.krakow
Subject: Zionism and the Third Reich
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:39:15 GMT
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 15:15:29 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:27:16 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:40:38 -0600, [email protected] wrote:
Zionism and the Third Reich
Mark Weber
Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the
German
port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name,
“Tel Aviv,” while a
swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was
Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many
years later a traveler
aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a “metaphysical
absurdity.”1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a
little-known chapter of history: The
wide-ranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler’s Third Reich.
Common Aims
Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with
the “Jewish question”: that is, what is the proper role of Jews in
non-Jewish society? During
the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared
similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed
that Jews and Germans were
distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in
Germany.
Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as “Germans
of the Jewish faith,” but rather as members of a separate national
community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by
Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the
“Jewish homeland.” They could hardly regard themselves as sincere
Zionists and simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other
“foreign” country.
Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained
that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely
understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and
attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize
reality and live in a separate state of their own.
“The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers,”
he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. “Where it
does not exist, it is brought
in by arriving Jews. . . . I believe I understand anti-Semitism, which
is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew,
without hate or fear.” The Jewish question, he maintained, is not
social or religious. “It is a national
question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international
political issue. . . .”
Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not
merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk.
Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered
the world a welcome “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of
Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a
detailed memorandum to the
new government that reviewed German-Jewish relations and formally
offered Zionist support in “solving” the vexing “Jewish question.” The
first step, it suggested,
had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: 4
Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition,
which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in
the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one’s own
tradition. Zionism
recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend,
symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear . . .
Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people,
which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its
Christian and national
character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the
Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a
sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping
of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the
liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community
and collective responsibility . . .
We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that
can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question,
take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will
have to be dealt with by most European peoples . . .
Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and
sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial
realities.
Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals,
because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining
the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the
cultural domain, we – having been brought up in the German language
and German culture – can show an
interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration
and internal sympathy . . .
For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the
collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews,
because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are
involved but a real problem
whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment
especially the German people . . .
Boycott propaganda – such as is currently being carried on against
Germany in many ways – is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants
not to do battle but to convince and to build . . .
We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will
continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe
disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions
for other peoples.
The Federation’s paper, the Jüdische Rundschau (“Jewish Review”),
proclaimed the same message: “Zionism recognizes the existence of a
Jewish problem and
desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose
Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro-
or anti-Jewish, because, in its
view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental
problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested.”5 A young
Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz,
who later settled in the United States and became head of the American
Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden (“We Jews”), that
the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant “Jewry for the
Jews.” He explained: “No
subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new
concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race.” 6
Active Collaboration
On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and
nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what
each group believed was in its own
national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously
supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until
1940-1941, when the Second
World War prevented extensive collaboration.
Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews,
probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with
considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about
pulling up roots to begin a new
life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews
turned to Zionism
during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished
in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation’s
bi-weekly Judische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books
were published. “Zionist
work was in full swing” in Germany during those years, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected “in its
composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists.”7
The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An
internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging
support for Zionism by the
government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of
Germany’s Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish
self-awareness. Jewish
schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations – in
short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and
self-awareness – should be
promoted, the paper recommended.8
SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official
Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess
Zionist development there. Based
on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of
twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff
that appeared in late 1934 under
the heading “A Nazi Travels to Palestine.” The series expressed great
admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish
settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had
produced a new kind of Jew. He
praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the
entire world.
A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article,
“pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the
world: the Jewish
question.” Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one
side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint
SS-Zionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von
Mildenstein was promoted to head the
Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to
support Zionist migration and development more effectively. 9
The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support
for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: “The time may not be
too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who
have been lost to it for
more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official
goodwill, go with them.”10
Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: 11
The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not
on religion leads the German government to guarantee without
reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government
finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement
within Jewry, the so-called
Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the
world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis,
Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role
in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world.
A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service
>from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing “strictly
kosher food on its ships,
under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate.” 12
With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to “reeducate”
Germany’s Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his
1985 survey, The Third Reich
and the Palestine Question: “Zionists were encouraged to take their
message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on
Palestine and generally to
educate German Jews about Palestine. There was considerable pressure
to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans
and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them.” 13
In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist
Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation:
“The Gestapo did everything in
those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often
received their help when we required anything from other authorities
regarding preparations for emigration.” 14
At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag
adopted the so-called “Nuremberg laws” that prohibited marriages and
sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed
the Jews an alien minority
nationality. A few days later the Zionist Judische Rundschau
editorially welcomed the new measures: 15
Germany . . . is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress
when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national
minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is
again possible to
establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The
new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life,
its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own
schools, its own theatre, and its
own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all
aspects of national life . . .
Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for
itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the
Jewish minority:
Jewry’s process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and
a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable
relations between the two nations.
Georg Kareski, the head of both the “Revisionist” Zionist State
Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the
Berlin Jewish Community,
declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end
of 1935: 16
For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural
affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for
living together without conflict. . . . I have long supported such a
separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien
nationality. The Nuremberg Laws
. . . seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform
entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect.
. . . This interruption
of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had
been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish
point of view, entirely welcome.
Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S.
Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress, told a New
York rally in June 1938: “I am not an American citizen of the Jewish
faith, I am a Jew. . . . Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the
Jewish people a race and we are a race.” 17
The Interior Ministry’s Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard
L_sener,
expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a
November 1935 issue of the
official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: 18
If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them
were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely
resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of
opposition to
the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the
Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the
only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation
must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular
nationhood.
In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a
network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout
Germany where
prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine.
Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German
flag, Jews were specifically
guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national
banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at
the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler’s Germany. 19
Himmler’s security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist
underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid
Haganah official Feivel
Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help
in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah
was kept well informed
about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin
headquarters of the SS.20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included
secret deliveries of German
weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs.
21
In the aftermath of the November 1938 “Kristallnacht” outburst of
violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist
organization to get back on its feet
and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted
supervision. 22
Official Reservations
German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party
officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful
Jewish communities in the
United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize “their”
governments and
fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained
implacably hostile
towards National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority
of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the
Zionist “promised land,” a
sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really “solve” the
international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it
would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign.
German backing for Zionism was therefore
limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British
control, not a sovereign Jewish state. 23
A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats
in June 1937, would not be in Germany’s interest because it would not
be able to absorb all
Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power
base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as
a base for international Communism.24
Reflecting something of a shift in official policy,
the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for
Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when
tension and conflict between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. 25
A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in
spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, “it would
nevertheless be a mistake to
assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in
Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the
anti-German agitation of international
Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish
state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the
world.”26 ”
The proclamation
of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine,” warned an
internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, “would
create for Germany a new
enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the
Near East.”
Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state “would work to bring
special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving
legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry.”27 In
January 1939,
Hitler’s new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, likewise warned
in another circular bulletin that “Germany must regard the formation
of a Jewish state as dangerous” because it
“would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry.” 28
Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938
and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and
misgivings that his policies might
contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support
Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of
ridding Germany of its Jews,
he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. 29
Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic
restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and
1939. In response, the SS
security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine
Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into
Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several
convoys of ships succeeded in reaching
Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and
illegal, from Germany
(including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and
1939.
Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the
outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the
same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish
emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. 30
Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist
“kibbutz” training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate
in Hitler’s Germany. 31
The Transfer Agreement
The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era
was theTransfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of
German Jews to migrate
to Palestine with their wealth. The Agreement, also known as the
Ha’avara (Hebrew for “transfer”), was concluded in August 1933
following talks between German
officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish
Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. 32
Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine
deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to
purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps,
fertilizer, and so
forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the
Jewish-owned Ha’avara
company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish
emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to
his deposit in Germany.
German goods poured into Palestine through the Ha’avara, which was
supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which
Palestine oranges were
exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and
other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing
Jewish settlers and
development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the
German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group.
Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated
the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine
the international
Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But Zionist officials
reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Ha’avara
arrangement, stressed that
the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany. Arthur
Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped
negotiate the pact,
pointed out that “the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the
boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a
result of the agreement. . . .” 33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting
in Switzerland,
overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the
Zionist “shadow
government” in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha’avara,
which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its
abandonment.
Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany’s Consul
General in Jerusalem, Hans D_hle, for example, sharply criticized the
Agreement on several
occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign
exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact
would bring if sold elsewhere. The Ha’avara monopoly sale of German
goods to Palestine through a
Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there.
Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German
markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also
resented the arrangement.34
A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the
“foreign exchange sacrifices” that resulted from the Ha’avara. 35
A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry
reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: “There is no doubt that
the Ha’avara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the
very rapid development of Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided
not only the largest source of money
(from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants,
and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial
products essential for
development.” The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was
the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most
desirable target country as
far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important
drawbacks pointed out by Consul D_hle and others. The Interior
Minister, it went on, had
concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the
advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. 36
Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed
the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and
each time decided
to maintain the Ha’avara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from
Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. 37
The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer
company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria,
through which Jews in
foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost
$900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in
Palestine.38
Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration
concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after the Ha’avara. In
1937 Poland authorized the
Halifin (Hebrew for “exchange”) transfer company. By late summer 1939,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy had signed similar
arrangements.
The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale
implementation of these agreements. 39
Achievements of Ha’avara
Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine
through the Ha’avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about
ten percent of Germany’s 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews
made up about 15 percent
of Palestine’s 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha’avara emigrants
transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As
Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: “Many of these people,
especially in the late 1930s, were
allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories –
indeed rough replicas of their very existence.”40
The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the
Ha’avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million
pounds or 139.57 million
German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount
included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the
Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement.41
Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have
flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements
and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a
major impact on a
country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed
out.
Several major industrial enterprises were built with the capital from
Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile
firm. The influx of Ha’avara goods
and capital, concluded Black, “produced an economic explosion in
Jewish Palestine” and was “an indispensable factor in the creation of
the State of Israel.”42
The Ha’avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in
Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli
state. A January 1939 German
Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that
“the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha’avara
agreement] contributed to
no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine.”43
Former officials of the Ha’avara company in Palestine confirmed this
view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972:
“The economic activity
made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers
to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the
country’s development.
Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in
Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important
even today in the
economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara.”44
Dr.Ludwig Pinner, a Ha’avara company official in Tel Aviv during the
1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha’avara
immigrants “decisively
contributed” to the economic, social, cultural and educational
development of Palestine’s Jewish community.45
The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of
cooperation between Hitler’s Germany and international Zionism.
Through this pact, Hitler’s Third
Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support
Jewish development in Palestine.
Zionists Offer a Military Alliance With Hitler
In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization
submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a
military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made
by the radical underground “Fighters for
the Freedom of Israel,” better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its
leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical
nationalist “National Military Organization” (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over
the group’s attitude toward Britain, which
had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern
regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism.
This remarkable Zionist proposal “for the solution of the Jewish
question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in
the war on the side of
Germany” is worth quoting at some length:46
In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National
Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe
requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question
by evacuation.(“Jew-free Europe”)
The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for
solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally
achieved is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the
Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state
in its historical boundaries.
The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the
Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in
Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this
way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever.
The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich
government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany
and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that:
>—–== Posted via Deja News, The Leader in Internet Discussion ==—–
>http://www.dejanews.com/ Now offering spam-free web-based newsreading
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:43 EDT 1998
Article: 8503 of pl.regionalne.warszawa
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Moskal Replies to Critics of Auschwitz Cross
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:49:52 GMT
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On Wed, 02 Sep 1998 18:30:39 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
On Fri, 14 Aug 1998 22:38:57 GMT, [email protected] (Tron) wrote:
>Polonia Today Online at <www.poloniatoday.com> has been updated to
>include the following special stories:
>
>Edward Moskal, President of the Polish National Alliance (PNA) and
>Polish American Congress (PAC), has issued a strong reply to critics
>of the cross near the Auschwitz death camp.
>
>Plus … much more. You are invited to visit our website today. Become
>a subscriber to the printed edition and obtain even more news and
>information. Polonia Today is the up-to-date authoritative publication
>of record in Polonia.
>
><http://www.poloniatoday.com>
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:03:43 EDT 1998
Article: 8504 of pl.regionalne.warszawa
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.lublin,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Soviets Were the JEWS!!!
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:51:38 GMT
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On Sat, 15 Aug 1998 18:53:41 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>On Fri, 24 Apr 1998 03:49:13 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>>For those concerned about the mass murders by the Soviet JEWS and the
>>KGB, attached is an article for consideration
>>Subject: Jews Dominated Bolshevism – Don’t Deny It
>>From: [email protected] (Roger Hughes)
>>Date: 22 Jul 1997 12:32:44 GMT
>>Organization: Anti-Hypocrisy Foundation
>>Patriot Fact Sheet : The Jews and Bolshevism
>>One of the most hushed-up facts concerning the so-called “Russian
>>Revolution” of 1917 is that Jews constituted the overwhelming majority
>>of the Bolshevik leadership. While the Jews, and those sympathetic to
>>them, continue to condemn anyone as “anti-Semitic” who brings up these
>>facts, it remains undeniable that communism was both a Jewish created
>>and lead revolutionary movement.
>>First, it is a well known fact that the father of communism,Karl Marx,
>>was a Jew and descended from long list of rabbis on his father’s side.
>>Whether he was a “religous” Jew is of no significant importance, since
>>Jewishness is not defined exclusively by adherance to Judaism. A great
>>bulk of Jews today would probably identify themselves as atheists, but
>>also nonetheless consider themselves Jews.
>>While some persons, who deny Jewish involvement in communism, will
>>concede that Marx was indeed Jewish, let’s see the them deny the
>>communist-Jewish connection as clearly exposed in diplomatic cables
>>that passed between American representatives in Russia and Washington
>>D.C. during the time of the Bolshevik take-over of Russia. The
>>following quotes are taken directly from documents available from the
>>U.S. Archives:
>>State Department document 861.00/1757 sent May 2, 1918 by U.S. consul
>>general in Moscow, Summers: “Jews prominant in local Soviet
>>government, anti-Jewish feeling growing among population….”
>>State Department document 861.00/2205 was sent from Vladivostok on
>>July 5, 1918 by U.S. consul Caldwell: “Fifty percent of Soviet
>>government in each town consists of Jews of the worst type.”
>>From the Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia on
>>March 1, 1919, comes this telegram from Omsk by Chief of Staff, Capt.
>>Montgomey Shuyler: “It is probably unwise to say this loudly in the
>>United States but the Bolshevik movement is and has been since it’s
>>beginning guided and controlled by Russian Jews of the greasiest
>>type.”
>>A second Schuyler telegram, dated June 9, 1919 from Vladivostok,
>>reports on the make-up of the presiding Soviet government: “…(T)here
>>were 384 `commissars’ including 2 negroes, 13 Russians, 15 Chinamen,
>>22 Armenians, AND MORE THAN 300 JEWS. Of the latter number, 264 had
>>come to Russia from the United States since the downfall of the
>>Imperial Government.”
>>With the notable exception of Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), most of the
>>leading Communists who took control of Russia in 1917-20 were Jews.
>>(Lenin has since been discovered by a former Soviet general, who had
>>access to the KGB archives, that Lenin was at least 25% Jewish!) Leon
>>Trotsky (Lev Bronstein) headed the Red Army and, for a time, was chief
>>of Soviet foreign affairs. Yakov Sverdlov (Solomon) was both the
>>Bolshevik party’s executive secretary and – as chairman of the Central
>>Executive Committee – head of the Soviet government. Grigori Zinoviev
>>(Radomyslsky) headed the Communist International (Comintern), the
>>central agency for spreading revolution in foreign countries. Other
>>prominent Jews included press commissar Karl Radek (Sobelsohn),
>>foreign affairs commissar Maxim Litvinov (Wallach), Lev Kamenev
>>(Rosenfeld) and Moisei Uritsky.
>>David R. Francis, United States ambassador in Russia, warned in a
>>January 1918 dispatch to Washington: “The Bolshevik leaders here, most
>>of whom are Jews and 90 percent of whom are returned exiles, care
>>little for Russia or any other country but are internationalists and
>>they are trying to start a worldwide social revolution.”
>>The Netherlands’ ambassador in Russia, Oudendyke, confirmed this:
>>”Unless Bolshevism is nipped in the bud immediately, it is bound to
>>spread in one form or another over Europe and the whole world as it is
>>organized and worked by Jews who have no nationality, and whose one
>>object is to destroy for their own ends the existing order of things.”
>>In case anyone thinks I’ve taken a few selected quotes out-of-context,
>>here’s three paragraphs from Dr. George A. Simons, a former
>>superintendent of the Methodist Missions in Russia, Bolshevik
>>Propaganda Hearing Before the Sub-Committee of the Committee on the
>>Judiciary, United States Senate, 65th Congress:
>>”We were told that hundreds of agitators had followed in the trail of
>>Trotsky (Bronstein) these men having come over from the lower east
>>side of New York. Some of them when they learned that I was the
>>American Pastor in Petrograd, stepped up to me and seemed very much
>>pleased that there was somebody who could speak English, and their
>>broken English showed that they had not qualified as being Americas. A
>>number of these men called on me and were impressed with the strange
>>Yiddish element in this thing right from the beginning, and it soon
>>became evident that more than half the agitators in the socalled
>>Bolshevik movement were Jews…I have a firm conviction that this
>>thing is Yiddish, and that one of its bases is found in the east side
>>of New York…The latest startling information, given me by someone
>>with good authority, startling information, is this, that in December,
>>1918, in the northern community of Petrograd that is what they call
>>the section of the Soviet regime under the Presidency of the man known
>>as Apfelbaum (Zinovieff) out of 388 members, only 16 happened to be
>>real Russians, with the exception of one man, a Negro from America who
>>calls himself Professor Gordon.
>>I was impressed with this, Senator, that shortly after the great
>>revolution of the winter of 1917, there were scores of Jews standing
>>on the benches and soap boxes, talking until their mouths frothed, and
>>I often remarked to my sister, ‘Well, what are we coming to anyway.
>>This all looks so Yiddish.’ Up to that time we had see very few Jews,
>>because there was, as you know, a restriction against having Jews in
>>Petrograd, but after the revolution they swarmed in there and most of
>>the agitators were Jews.
>>I might mention this, that when the Bolshevik came into power all over
>>Petrograd, we at once had a predominance of Yiddish proclamations, big
>>posters and everything in Yiddish. It became very evident that now
>>that was to be one of the great languages of Russia; and the real
>>Russians did not take kindly to it.”
>>Some might automatically assume that the preceeding sources are
>>”anti-Semitic” and therefore unreliable, but they’d be wrong. Here’s a
>>few Jewish sources that essentially substantiate the previous ones:
>>”The Bolshevik revolution in Russia was the work of Jewish brains, of
>>Jewish dissatisfaction, of Jewish planning, whose goal is to create a
>>new order in the world. What was performed in so excellent a way in
>>Russia, thanks to Jewish brains, and because of Jewish dissatisfaction
>>and by Jewish planning, shall also, through the same Jewish mental an
>>physical forces, become a reality all over the world.” (The American
>>Hebrew, September 10, 1920)
>>”There is much in the fact of Bolshevism itself, in the fact that so
>>many Jews are Bolshevists. The ideals of Bolshevism are consonant with
>>many of the highest ideals of Judaism.” (Jewish Chronicle, London
>>April, 4, 1919)
>>”Some call it Marxism I call it Judaism.” (The American Bulletin,
>>Rabbi S. Wise, May 5, 1935).
>>”In the Bolshevik era, 52 percent of the membership of the Soviet
>>communist party was Jewish, though Jews comprised only 1.8 percent of
>>the total population.” (Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin, p. 81)
>>Interestinly, one of the first acts by the Bolsheviks was to make
>>so-called “anti-Semitism” a capital crime. This is confirmed by Stalin
>>himself:
>>”National and racial chauvinism is a vestige of the misanthropic
>>customs characteristic of the period of cannibalism. Anti-semitism, as
>>an extreme form of racial chauvinism, is the most dangerous vestige of
>>cannibalism…under USSR law active anti-Semites are liable to the
>>death penalty.” (Stalin, Collected Works, vol. 13, p. 30).
>>While Christian churches across Russia were being destroyed and
>>clergymen murdered by Communist gangs, synogoges and rabbis were left
>>virtually untouched.
>>It was during this time that Bolshevik Commissars (many of them Jews)
>>conducted a horrendous reign of terror against the non-Jewish Russian
>>population. In one case alone, they deliberately starved to death 20
>>million Ukranian farmers during the 1920’s in one of the most vile
>>campaigns in history: In (the) Ukraine, “Jews made up nearly 80
>>percent of the rank-and-file Cheka agents,” reports W. Bruce Lincoln,
>>an American professor of Russian history. . . ”
>>Some modern historians estimate that upwards of 85 million persons
>>were murdered in the 70 years of communist rule in Russia, many of
>>them directly at the hands of Jews, and even more at the order of
>>Jewish Communist bosses.
>>Regards,
>>Roger Hughes
>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> http://www.natall.com
>> http://www.natvan.com
Never Forget the Morders at KATYN…
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:04:01 EDT 1998
Article: 866 of pl.regionalne.lublin
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: pl.regionalne.krakow,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.lublin,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Soviets Were the JEWS!!!
Date: Fri, 04 Sep 1998 15:51:38 GMT
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On Sat, 15 Aug 1998 18:53:41 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>On Fri, 24 Apr 1998 03:49:13 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>>For those concerned about the mass murders by the Soviet JEWS and the
>>KGB, attached is an article for consideration
>>Subject: Jews Dominated Bolshevism – Don’t Deny It
>>From: [email protected] (Roger Hughes)
>>Date: 22 Jul 1997 12:32:44 GMT
>>Organization: Anti-Hypocrisy Foundation
>>Patriot Fact Sheet : The Jews and Bolshevism
>>One of the most hushed-up facts concerning the so-called “Russian
>>Revolution” of 1917 is that Jews constituted the overwhelming majority
>>of the Bolshevik leadership. While the Jews, and those sympathetic to
>>them, continue to condemn anyone as “anti-Semitic” who brings up these
>>facts, it remains undeniable that communism was both a Jewish created
>>and lead revolutionary movement.
>>First, it is a well known fact that the father of communism,Karl Marx,
>>was a Jew and descended from long list of rabbis on his father’s side.
>>Whether he was a “religous” Jew is of no significant importance, since
>>Jewishness is not defined exclusively by adherance to Judaism. A great
>>bulk of Jews today would probably identify themselves as atheists, but
>>also nonetheless consider themselves Jews.
>>While some persons, who deny Jewish involvement in communism, will
>>concede that Marx was indeed Jewish, let’s see the them deny the
>>communist-Jewish connection as clearly exposed in diplomatic cables
>>that passed between American representatives in Russia and Washington
>>D.C. during the time of the Bolshevik take-over of Russia. The
>>following quotes are taken directly from documents available from the
>>U.S. Archives:
>>State Department document 861.00/1757 sent May 2, 1918 by U.S. consul
>>general in Moscow, Summers: “Jews prominant in local Soviet
>>government, anti-Jewish feeling growing among population….”
>>State Department document 861.00/2205 was sent from Vladivostok on
>>July 5, 1918 by U.S. consul Caldwell: “Fifty percent of Soviet
>>government in each town consists of Jews of the worst type.”
>>From the Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia on
>>March 1, 1919, comes this telegram from Omsk by Chief of Staff, Capt.
>>Montgomey Shuyler: “It is probably unwise to say this loudly in the
>>United States but the Bolshevik movement is and has been since it’s
>>beginning guided and controlled by Russian Jews of the greasiest
>>type.”
>>A second Schuyler telegram, dated June 9, 1919 from Vladivostok,
>>reports on the make-up of the presiding Soviet government: “…(T)here
>>were 384 `commissars’ including 2 negroes, 13 Russians, 15 Chinamen,
>>22 Armenians, AND MORE THAN 300 JEWS. Of the latter number, 264 had
>>come to Russia from the United States since the downfall of the
>>Imperial Government.”
>>With the notable exception of Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), most of the
>>leading Communists who took control of Russia in 1917-20 were Jews.
>>(Lenin has since been discovered by a former Soviet general, who had
>>access to the KGB archives, that Lenin was at least 25% Jewish!) Leon
>>Trotsky (Lev Bronstein) headed the Red Army and, for a time, was chief
>>of Soviet foreign affairs. Yakov Sverdlov (Solomon) was both the
>>Bolshevik party’s executive secretary and – as chairman of the Central
>>Executive Committee – head of the Soviet government. Grigori Zinoviev
>>(Radomyslsky) headed the Communist International (Comintern), the
>>central agency for spreading revolution in foreign countries. Other
>>prominent Jews included press commissar Karl Radek (Sobelsohn),
>>foreign affairs commissar Maxim Litvinov (Wallach), Lev Kamenev
>>(Rosenfeld) and Moisei Uritsky.
>>David R. Francis, United States ambassador in Russia, warned in a
>>January 1918 dispatch to Washington: “The Bolshevik leaders here, most
>>of whom are Jews and 90 percent of whom are returned exiles, care
>>little for Russia or any other country but are internationalists and
>>they are trying to start a worldwide social revolution.”
>>The Netherlands’ ambassador in Russia, Oudendyke, confirmed this:
>>”Unless Bolshevism is nipped in the bud immediately, it is bound to
>>spread in one form or another over Europe and the whole world as it is
>>organized and worked by Jews who have no nationality, and whose one
>>object is to destroy for their own ends the existing order of things.”
>>In case anyone thinks I’ve taken a few selected quotes out-of-context,
>>here’s three paragraphs from Dr. George A. Simons, a former
>>superintendent of the Methodist Missions in Russia, Bolshevik
>>Propaganda Hearing Before the Sub-Committee of the Committee on the
>>Judiciary, United States Senate, 65th Congress:
>>”We were told that hundreds of agitators had followed in the trail of
>>Trotsky (Bronstein) these men having come over from the lower east
>>side of New York. Some of them when they learned that I was the
>>American Pastor in Petrograd, stepped up to me and seemed very much
>>pleased that there was somebody who could speak English, and their
>>broken English showed that they had not qualified as being Americas. A
>>number of these men called on me and were impressed with the strange
>>Yiddish element in this thing right from the beginning, and it soon
>>became evident that more than half the agitators in the socalled
>>Bolshevik movement were Jews…I have a firm conviction that this
>>thing is Yiddish, and that one of its bases is found in the east side
>>of New York…The latest startling information, given me by someone
>>with good authority, startling information, is this, that in December,
>>1918, in the northern community of Petrograd that is what they call
>>the section of the Soviet regime under the Presidency of the man known
>>as Apfelbaum (Zinovieff) out of 388 members, only 16 happened to be
>>real Russians, with the exception of one man, a Negro from America who
>>calls himself Professor Gordon.
>>I was impressed with this, Senator, that shortly after the great
>>revolution of the winter of 1917, there were scores of Jews standing
>>on the benches and soap boxes, talking until their mouths frothed, and
>>I often remarked to my sister, ‘Well, what are we coming to anyway.
>>This all looks so Yiddish.’ Up to that time we had see very few Jews,
>>because there was, as you know, a restriction against having Jews in
>>Petrograd, but after the revolution they swarmed in there and most of
>>the agitators were Jews.
>>I might mention this, that when the Bolshevik came into power all over
>>Petrograd, we at once had a predominance of Yiddish proclamations, big
>>posters and everything in Yiddish. It became very evident that now
>>that was to be one of the great languages of Russia; and the real
>>Russians did not take kindly to it.”
>>Some might automatically assume that the preceeding sources are
>>”anti-Semitic” and therefore unreliable, but they’d be wrong. Here’s a
>>few Jewish sources that essentially substantiate the previous ones:
>>”The Bolshevik revolution in Russia was the work of Jewish brains, of
>>Jewish dissatisfaction, of Jewish planning, whose goal is to create a
>>new order in the world. What was performed in so excellent a way in
>>Russia, thanks to Jewish brains, and because of Jewish dissatisfaction
>>and by Jewish planning, shall also, through the same Jewish mental an
>>physical forces, become a reality all over the world.” (The American
>>Hebrew, September 10, 1920)
>>”There is much in the fact of Bolshevism itself, in the fact that so
>>many Jews are Bolshevists. The ideals of Bolshevism are consonant with
>>many of the highest ideals of Judaism.” (Jewish Chronicle, London
>>April, 4, 1919)
>>”Some call it Marxism I call it Judaism.” (The American Bulletin,
>>Rabbi S. Wise, May 5, 1935).
>>”In the Bolshevik era, 52 percent of the membership of the Soviet
>>communist party was Jewish, though Jews comprised only 1.8 percent of
>>the total population.” (Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin, p. 81)
>>Interestinly, one of the first acts by the Bolsheviks was to make
>>so-called “anti-Semitism” a capital crime. This is confirmed by Stalin
>>himself:
>>”National and racial chauvinism is a vestige of the misanthropic
>>customs characteristic of the period of cannibalism. Anti-semitism, as
>>an extreme form of racial chauvinism, is the most dangerous vestige of
>>cannibalism…under USSR law active anti-Semites are liable to the
>>death penalty.” (Stalin, Collected Works, vol. 13, p. 30).
>>While Christian churches across Russia were being destroyed and
>>clergymen murdered by Communist gangs, synogoges and rabbis were left
>>virtually untouched.
>>It was during this time that Bolshevik Commissars (many of them Jews)
>>conducted a horrendous reign of terror against the non-Jewish Russian
>>population. In one case alone, they deliberately starved to death 20
>>million Ukranian farmers during the 1920’s in one of the most vile
>>campaigns in history: In (the) Ukraine, “Jews made up nearly 80
>>percent of the rank-and-file Cheka agents,” reports W. Bruce Lincoln,
>>an American professor of Russian history. . . ”
>>Some modern historians estimate that upwards of 85 million persons
>>were murdered in the 70 years of communist rule in Russia, many of
>>them directly at the hands of Jews, and even more at the order of
>>Jewish Communist bosses.
>>Regards,
>>Roger Hughes
>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> http://www.natall.com
>> http://www.natvan.com
Never Forget the Morders at KATYN…
sven88
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:10:36 EDT 1998
Article: 1709 of alt.culture.arab-league
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: alt.culture.arab-league,soc.culture.german,soc.culture.europe,soc.culture.palestine,soc.culture.usa,soc.culture.polish,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Thu, 03 Sep 1998 01:02:12 GMT
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Media around the world are now reporting on mass arrests worldwide of
people involved in kiddie porn distribution.
This story from last year proves the foul involvement of some
people….
<A HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=9601655&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=191&AH=1″>[More Headers]</A>
Article Segment 1 of 2
ARREST SHOCKS SYNAGOGUE; TEACHER FLIES BACK TO U.S.
By EVA HOARE and AMY PUGSLEY FRASER Staff Reporters
A Hebrew school teacher and cantor at a Halifax synagogue, who downloaded
hundreds of pornographic photographs of children from the Internet, was
fined $2,200 in court Tuesday. The fine was paid and Suart David Friedman, a
well-liked and respected member of the Beth Israel Synagogue, promptly left
the country for his native United States.
It’s the first charge of its kind in Nova Scotia and justice officials
hinted that Mr. Friedman’s activities – downloading a personal fantasy
collection of boys performing sexual and sadomasochistic acts – could be
connected to an international child pornography ring.
Mr. Friedman, 42, of South Park Street, Halifax, pleaded guilty to
possessing child pornography from the Internet. When Canada Customs and
police officers arrested him during a raid on his apartment Monday, the
cantor was surfing the Net. Although his private cache contained photographs
and videos – as well as gay and bondage magazines – the bulk of his
collection was 223 computer-generated photos of child pornography stored on
diskettes, on two computer hard drives, and on computer printouts.
“It’s extremely disgusting,” said Const. Gary Martin of the Halifax
Regional Police Service, whose officers also conducted a search of Chebucto
Freenet offices, Mr. Friedman’s Internet provider. “Ninety per cent of this
material was obtained either directly or indirectly through the Internet.
Some … was directly downloaded from the Internet and some … was obtained
from different groups that are within the Internet,” Const. Martin said.
“The pictures are very explicit. It covers just about every avenue of
pornography that’s out there.”
Canada Customs’ intelligence division started working the case last
September and then brought in regional police, said Ed Osborne, customs’
regional intelligence officer.
Now officers – who’ll spend hundreds of hours poring over the materials –
want to know if any Nova Scotian children were depicted in the “gruesome”
photos and material seized. But they do not expect that will be the case.
Parents of children who attended the Hebrew school, shocked by the arrest,
planned to meet Tuesday night. “As aware as people are that these things
can and do happen, it’s still a shock,” said Cathy Fox, president of the
Beth Israel Synagogue. Her three children – two sons and a daughter – were
taught by Mr. Friedman at the synagogue’s Hebrew school. “It’s a very
difficult time.”
The cantor – who leads the congregation in song – taught her 13- year-old
son songs and chants that were part of his bar mitzvah ceremony last
October, Mrs. Fox said.
Some members will feel betrayed as a result of the charges. “I think the
elderly members of our congregation will be very hurt by this.” Some are
appalled while others expressed sympathy. “I’m very saddened,” said Robert
Wolman, president of the synagogue’s board of governors.
Mr. Wolman said he and other board members heard about the case Monday night
and Mr. Friedman was immediately dismissed.
Wearing an olive-colored trenchcoat and a black yarmulke (skull cap) over
his greying hair, a pale and visibly nervous Mr. Friedman was ushered into
provincial court by two sheriff’s deputies. Refusing even to look up at the
judge, he stared resolutely at the floor while wringing his hands.
“This is the first (such) charge through our office,” Crown attorney Frank
Hoskins told Judge Hughes Randall. “But it sends a message out to the
public that if you’re in possession of these images from your Internet and
they’re child pornography, you can be charged with a criminal offence and
get a criminal record and a substantial fine,” Mr. Hoskins said later.
Article Segment 2 of 2
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Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,” and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr. Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday, declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200 fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university, arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since. His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah, has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
http://www.nswpp.org/”>http://www.nswpp.org
From [email protected] Fri Sep 4 16:12:09 EDT 1998
Article: 32619 of ns.general
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From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: ns.general
Subject: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Thu, 03 Sep 1998 01:12:48 GMT
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Media around the world are now reporting on mass arrests worldwide of
people involved in kiddie porn distribution.
This story from last year proves the foul involvement of some
people….
<A HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=9601655&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=191&AH=1″>[More Headers]</A>
Article Segment 1 of 2
ARREST SHOCKS SYNAGOGUE; TEACHER FLIES BACK TO U.S.
By EVA HOARE and AMY PUGSLEY FRASER Staff Reporters
A Hebrew school teacher and cantor at a Halifax synagogue, who downloaded
hundreds of pornographic photographs of children from the Internet, was
fined $2,200 in court Tuesday. The fine was paid and Suart David Friedman, a
well-liked and respected member of the Beth Israel Synagogue, promptly left
the country for his native United States.
It’s the first charge of its kind in Nova Scotia and justice officials
hinted that Mr. Friedman’s activities – downloading a personal fantasy
collection of boys performing sexual and sadomasochistic acts – could be
connected to an international child pornography ring.
Mr. Friedman, 42, of South Park Street, Halifax, pleaded guilty to
possessing child pornography from the Internet. When Canada Customs and
police officers arrested him during a raid on his apartment Monday, the
cantor was surfing the Net. Although his private cache contained photographs
and videos – as well as gay and bondage magazines – the bulk of his
collection was 223 computer-generated photos of child pornography stored on
diskettes, on two computer hard drives, and on computer printouts.
“It’s extremely disgusting,” said Const. Gary Martin of the Halifax
Regional Police Service, whose officers also conducted a search of Chebucto
Freenet offices, Mr. Friedman’s Internet provider. “Ninety per cent of this
material was obtained either directly or indirectly through the Internet.
Some … was directly downloaded from the Internet and some … was obtained
from different groups that are within the Internet,” Const. Martin said.
“The pictures are very explicit. It covers just about every avenue of
pornography that’s out there.”
Canada Customs’ intelligence division started working the case last
September and then brought in regional police, said Ed Osborne, customs’
regional intelligence officer.
Now officers – who’ll spend hundreds of hours poring over the materials –
want to know if any Nova Scotian children were depicted in the “gruesome”
photos and material seized. But they do not expect that will be the case.
Parents of children who attended the Hebrew school, shocked by the arrest,
planned to meet Tuesday night. “As aware as people are that these things
can and do happen, it’s still a shock,” said Cathy Fox, president of the
Beth Israel Synagogue. Her three children – two sons and a daughter – were
taught by Mr. Friedman at the synagogue’s Hebrew school. “It’s a very
difficult time.”
The cantor – who leads the congregation in song – taught her 13- year-old
son songs and chants that were part of his bar mitzvah ceremony last
October, Mrs. Fox said.
Some members will feel betrayed as a result of the charges. “I think the
elderly members of our congregation will be very hurt by this.” Some are
appalled while others expressed sympathy. “I’m very saddened,” said Robert
Wolman, president of the synagogue’s board of governors.
Mr. Wolman said he and other board members heard about the case Monday night
and Mr. Friedman was immediately dismissed.
Wearing an olive-colored trenchcoat and a black yarmulke (skull cap) over
his greying hair, a pale and visibly nervous Mr. Friedman was ushered into
provincial court by two sheriff’s deputies. Refusing even to look up at the
judge, he stared resolutely at the floor while wringing his hands.
“This is the first (such) charge through our office,” Crown attorney Frank
Hoskins told Judge Hughes Randall. “But it sends a message out to the
public that if you’re in possession of these images from your Internet and
they’re child pornography, you can be charged with a criminal offence and
get a criminal record and a substantial fine,” Mr. Hoskins said later.
Article Segment 2 of 2
<A HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=%[email protected]%3e%231/2&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=192″>(Get Previous Segment)</A>
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Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,” and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr. Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday, declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200 fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university, arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since. His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah, has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
http://www.nswpp.org/”>http://www.nswpp.org
From [email protected] Sat Sep 5 02:48:29 EDT 1998
Article: 324 of pl.regionalne.lodz
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: alt.culture.arab-league,soc.culture.german,soc.culture.europe,soc.culture.palestine,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 1998 00:14:19 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 117
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <[email protected]> <6sm8gs[email protected]> <[email protected]>
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On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 11:46:50 -0600, Tuisto <[email protected]>
wrote:
>[email protected] wrote:
“c:\Program Files\Netscape\files\porn21.xp”
Article Segment 2 of 2
<A
HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=%[email protected]%3e%231/2&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=192″>(Get
Previous Segment)</A>
Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring
in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,”
and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second
search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who
co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual
fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the
Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information
that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr.
Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every
angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does
involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged
distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American
agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday,
declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued
at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200
fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were
also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight
to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence
carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But
they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university,
arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since.
His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was
to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah,
has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said
Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it
through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still
thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as
soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future
cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude
or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the
child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
http://www.nswpp.org/”>http://www.nswpp.org
>I think the only crime here is the possession of child porn…unless you
>advocate such activities. If you think its a crime to be a Nazi, but not
>a child abuser then you have some major problems.
>
>-Tuisto
From [email protected] Sat Sep 5 02:50:01 EDT 1998
Article: 1721 of alt.culture.arab-league
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: alt.culture.arab-league,soc.culture.german,soc.culture.europe,soc.culture.palestine
Subject: Re: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 1998 00:15:15 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 107
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <35ede6ac.1030[email protected]> <[email protected]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: edtnpx05-port-54.agt.net
Mime-Version: 1.0
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Xref: trends.ca alt.culture.arab-league:1721 soc.culture.german:85493 soc.culture.europe:125674 soc.culture.palestine:51190
On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 14:19:09 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
“c:\Program Files\Netscape\files\porn21.xp”
Article Segment 2 of 2
<A
HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=%[email protected]%3e%231/2&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=192″>(Get
Previous Segment)</A>
Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring
in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,”
and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second
search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who
co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual
fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the
Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information
that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr.
Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every
angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does
involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged
distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American
agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday,
declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued
at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200
fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were
also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight
to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence
carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But
they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university,
arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since.
His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was
to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah,
has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said
Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it
through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still
thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as
soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future
cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude
or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the
child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
http://www.nswpp.org/”>http://www.nswpp.org
sven88
From [email protected] Sat Sep 5 14:12:30 EDT 1998
Article: 202454 of alt.revisionism
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: alt.revisionism,soc.culture.polish,soc.culture.ukrainian,pl.regionalne.lodz,pl.regionalne.warszawa
Subject: Re: If JEWS in Hitler Army – How Many Really Died?
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 1998 16:55:28 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 43
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
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Xref: trends.ca alt.revisionism:202454 soc.culture.polish:114923 soc.culture.ukrainian:41204 pl.regionalne.lodz:335 pl.regionalne.warszawa:8575
On Sun, 28 Sep 1997 14:28:22 -0400, PAWLIKOWSKI
<[email protected]> wrote:
>jacob bekker wrote:
>>
>> [email protected] wrote:
>> >
>> > One MUST question the alleged figure of the damn JEWS as to how many
>> > allegedly died in WWII.
>>
>> Is there no wonder how the dumn Jews have so big influence in the world?
>>
>> J.B.
>> >
>=================
>Presence of Jews in Hitler’s army clearly rules out the story of
>exterminatinon. Being in high places they would know that the story is
>true and would alert the world through their relatives.
>
>They have not done it … little chance that there was Jewish genocide.
>Moreover, there are no bones of 4,000,000 Jews Nazi did not have the
>chance to cremate.
>
>Why Jews are smart and there is no doubt about it?
>
>Jew are the oldest people on earth with practical alphabet. Being so
>for they became the record keepers and accountants of the world. While
>Slavic women looked at Slavic mens muscles in order to be sure that he
>will have the strenght to plow and feed her family Jewish maiden looked
>in Jewish boys for brains to sustain them.
>
>Moreover Catholicizm caused that the smartest boys especially in peasant
>families became priests and than the genes of smartnes did not
>reproduced. In Rabbis families was just the opposite, the smartest boy
>in the shtetle was gettin hand of the smart rabbis daughters.
>
>But I do not worry about that. Mere forty years of education given to
>the Slavs admixed with Jewish apparatus of terror and the Slavs managed
>to launch Sputnik and man space station Mir.
>
>Western Europeans were unable to do it.
>Pawlikowski
From [email protected] Sat Sep 5 14:13:50 EDT 1998
Article: 124629 of can.general
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.usa,soc.culture.canada,soc.culture.polish,soc.culture.swiss,can.general,usa.general
Subject: McVay/NIZKOR SWINDLE EVEN JEWS – TAX FRAUD!!!
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 1998 16:54:59 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 308
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> <35e6bc68.968[email protected]> <[email protected]>
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Xref: trends.ca soc.culture.usa:253253 soc.culture.canada:158077 soc.culture.polish:114925 soc.culture.swiss:26465 can.general:124629
On Thu, 27 Aug 1998 13:44:52 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>> >> It seems that the despicable OyVay, the gas station attendant and Tax
>> >> Fraud, just does not like being exposed and investigated by the Tax
>> >> authorities in both canada and the USA!!!
On Wed, 26 Aug 1998 18:13:45 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>In article <[email protected]>, [email protected]
>wrote:
>
>> It seems that the despicable OyVay, the gas station attendant and Tax
>> Fraud, just does not like being exposed and investigated by the Tax
>> authorities in both canada and the USA!!!
On Thu, 20 Aug 1998 02:18:12 GMT, [email protected] (Doc
Tavish) wrote:
>On 18 Aug 1998 19:24:34 GMT, [email protected] (Kenneth McVay
>SOB) wrote:
>>Really, Mr. Grosvenor, you are not very good at concealing your
>>identity, and talking to yourself, while perhaps more satisfactory
>>than your trying to speak to anyone else, isn’t all that effective
>>here on the net.
>So what? I rather enjoy his charade. Haven’t you caught on yet that we
>love driving you Nizkooks up the wall? We are draining your time and
>resources you expend to ferret us out. We enjoy playing hide ‘n’ seek
>with you boobs. Matt Giwer has even been in a couple of times and you
>didn’t even spot him!
>Heh Billy, the offer of a free Doc Tavish CD extends especially to you
>too! You really make Ken cry.
> Doc Tavish
>You know my e-mail address!
>Visit the Official Doc Tavish Libraries at:
>http://www.crusader.net/texts/cng/doc
>http://?????????? nearly finished!
>http://???? number 3 starting construction!
>Fourth Branch Being Considered!!
It seems that the despicable OyVay, the gas station attendant and Tax
Fraud, just does not like being exposed and investigated by the Tax
authorities in both canada and the USA!!!
On 28 Mar 1998 19:27:41 GMT, [email protected] (Kenneth McVay SOB)
wrote:
Feel free to forward your complaints also to revenue Canada, either by
phone or E-mail.
>Notice that the gas station employee McVay, his employment exposed in
>an interview a week ago in local papers, refuses to answer the
>questions.
>Even his masters, the JEWS, must be getting annoyed by now, with all
>the tax fraud investigations in Canada and the USA.
>The Victoria synagogue where he used to hide, had to kick him out
>because of the heat from the authorities!!!
>One must wonder whether he is so rejected by the Jews in B.C>, that he
>had to go to Edmonton to hold a meeting??
>Or, could it be that in Alberta Canada, there are more thinking
>people, who reject the garbage disseminated by OyVay and his gang??
>Perhaps some of the others in North America intersted in discussing
>the Holohoax will also respond.
>>On Wed, 11 Feb 1998 19:17:57 GMT, [email protected] (Michael )
>>wrote:
>>On Sat, 07 Feb 1998 06:44:38 -0500, Avenger <[email protected]>wrote
>> The goyboy token getting paid by the swindlers at NAZIKOR/NIZKOR just
>> will not answer the critical questions.
>>Nothing new here.
>> It seems he and his creatures may in fact have been swindling not only
>> the IRS in the USA, and Revenue canada Taxation, but also swindling
>> the people who made donations, thinking it was a legal charity, which
>> it is NOT!!!
>>Definitely not a charity.
Revenue Canada Taxation – Charities Division Ottawa, again today
confirmed that there is no registration for Nizkor as a charity in
Canada!!!
They can be reached directly, for filing complaints, at:
Telephone to: 1-800-267-2384
Also, you can E-mail complaints about Nizkor, to them, at:
http://www.rc.gc.ca/charities
An alternative telephone number for fraud complaints is Special
Investigations Revenue Canada at:
telephone # 204-983-1829
>> Subject: Re: Questions OyVey Won’t Answer!!!!
>><among hundreds of others>
>> Where are the answers to all the questions, which Nazikor/NIZKOR refuses to
>> answer??
>> Is it really an international tax fraud?
>> What have the I.R.S. to say??
>> Over the past few months, there have been a set of questions, which
>> OyVey and his minions have refused to answer.
>> Perhaps the officials at the I.R.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Branch,
>> who can be reached at:
http://www.ustreas.gov/mail/fincen.html
>> will be interested in receiving complaints regarding NIZKOR and OyVey.
>> Also, Revenue Canada Taxation can be reached with similar complaints at:
>> [email protected], or
>> http://www.rc.gc.ca
>> In Message, put first line of message as:
>> ATTENTION SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS
>> or telephone to: 204-983-1829
>> They are waiting for your complaints
> >The text relating to Questions OyVey Won’t Answer is:
> >Date: Thu. 23 Jan 1997 00:14:06 GMT
> >From: Doctor detroit ([email protected])
> >Newsgroups: alt.revisionism
> >Subject: to repeat the questions
> > Since this appears to be a tradition in a.r let us continue it.
> > 1) What exactly is the political origin of the initials OBC?
>>Order of the British Crown. In McGoy’s case it is the Order of British Columbia.
>>
> > 2) What did Ken McVay do to receive the approval to use the
> > letters?
>>Being a politically correct gopher for Bnai Brith and promoting the Holocaust(tm)
>>Terrorist Campaign. Further they maintain spy/smear files on people who question
>>certain myths about the Holocaust(tm) for possible prosecution of citizens who travel
>>to Europe. They undoubtably provide information to Mossad.
> > 3) What is the tax number of Nizkor?
> > 4) What is the physical address of Nizkor?
>>Probably written on McGoy’s forehead. Hard to tell since he has his nose up Bnai
>>Brith’s butt.
>> It seems that temple Emanuel in Victoria, Canada could no longer stand the stench
>> of the shabbas-goy Oyvay
>>McGoy dropped them for greener pastures.
> > 5) What is the phone number of Nizkor?
> > 6) Where can one find the organisational papers for Nizkor?
>>For the US they should be filed in the State of Texas under the San Antonio Area
>>Foundation. This is the front-end shell organization for Nizkookland in the US.
> > 7) What is the evidence offered that Nizkor is authorised to
> > solicit tax free contributions?
>>Unknown. Except they claim that if someone “contributes” more than $10 that Bnai
>>Brith will give them a receipt for tax purposes. They do not specify if this is US or
>>Canadian dollars.
> >In view of the refusal by OyVey and Nizkor to answer the critical
> >questions in #3, #4,#6, and especially #7, one must wonder.
> >Is NIZKOR JUST A HUGE TAX FRAUD, with the proceeds lining the pockets of
> >OyVey???
>>It’s a reasonable assumption.
> >Try to get answers from the tax authorities, both in the USA and Canada.
>> On Sun, 15 Jun 1997 00:41:49 GMT, in alt.revisionism [email protected]
>> (Dan Leonik) wrote:
> >Check this out!
>>Read this. This was after Ken McGoy denied a connection with any other Jewish
>>organization. I know I posted it. Also if you want me to repost Ken’s “Big Lie”
>>letter just ask.
> >Nizkor Funding
> >URL: http://www.almanac.bc.ca/funding.html
> >Summary: Please make your donations payable to League for Human Rights
> >of B’nai Brith Canada …with the cheque’s memo including “Nizkor
> >Project”. ). In the United States, donations in support of the Project
> >should be made payable to San Antonio Area Foundation – Nizkor Fund
> >and should be mailed to San Antonio Area Foundation.
> >Excite Search—Search: “nizkor”
> >”From B’nai Brith’s 1996 ‘Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents’:
>> The League is working closely
> >with Ken McVay’s Nizkor Project (https://nizkor.org) through the
> >”Holocaust and Hope” program. The League and Nizkor have prepared a
> >workbook entitled Hate and the Internet: Selected Readings to assist
> >in workshops on assist in workshops on this topic. The creation of a
> >B’nai web site (http://www.bnaibrith.ca) facilitates the dissemination
> >of information to counter hate and also provides a means of reporting
> >incidents directly to the National Office.”
>>Interesting. This after the Liar McGoy had denied any connection.
> >There can be no doubt that the Nizkor WHORES are in the business to
> >promote Jewish interests.
>>That is putting it “lightly”.
> >If any of them are White Americans then they
> >are paid agents of a foreign government accepting money to undermine
> >American values of honesty and truth in reporting the facts of WWII.
>>Their MO is described in former Mossad agent Victor Ostrovsky’s book “By Way of
>>Deception”. Read it. It should pretty much remove any doubts you might have of what
>>the Nizkooks are up to.
>>[email protected]
>>”http://www.natall.com”
>>”http://www.natvan.com”
>>National Vanguard Books
>>P.O. Box 330
>>Hillsboro, WV 24946
>>”No man has come to true greatness who has not felt
>>in some degree that his life belongs to his race.”
>> —-Phillips Brooks
>>+++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>Get the text of American Dissident Voices broadcasts by e-mail!
>>Subscribe to our mailing list by sending an e-mail message to:
>>[email protected] which contains the
>>word _subscribe_ as the subject of your message.
>> You may also get them from our FTP site at: ftp://natvan.com
>>Revenue Canada Taxation – Charities Division Ottawa, again today
>>confirmed that there is no registration for Nizkor as a charity in
>>Canada!!!
>show us where Nizkor has ever claimed to have one.
All you need do, is read above, or get your orderly to read for you.
>Just print this form, and send a money order for $25, and see whether
>or not you get a valid tax receipt in return…. and see if it comes
>from anthing called “Nizkor,” or claims that it would… won’t that be
>fun, Bill? If you don’t get that valid reciept, well geewhilikers,
>you’ve got me, eh?
>Please print this form and send to:
>
>The Nizkor Project
>c/o
>The League for Human Rights of B’nai Brith Canada
>15 Hove Street
>Toronto, Ontario M3H 4Y8
>
>Name:________________________________________
>Street Address:________________________________________________
>City_________________State/Province__________Postal Code_______
>E-Mail Address:_________________________________
>Amount Enclosed: $___________
>
>Please make your donations payable to “The League for Human Rights of
>B’nai Brith Canada,” and add the words “Nizkor Trust Fund” to the
>cheque’s memo section.
>
>
>Donations over $10.00 will receive a Canadian tax receipt.
>[#0235903-43-13]
Attention:CHARITIES
also: SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS
From [email protected] Sat Sep 5 14:15:05 EDT 1998
Article: 158077 of soc.culture.canada
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.usa,soc.culture.canada,soc.culture.polish,soc.culture.swiss,can.general,usa.general
Subject: McVay/NIZKOR SWINDLE EVEN JEWS – TAX FRAUD!!!
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 1998 16:54:59 GMT
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Xref: trends.ca soc.culture.usa:253253 soc.culture.canada:158077 soc.culture.polish:114925 soc.culture.swiss:26465 can.general:124629
On Thu, 27 Aug 1998 13:44:52 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>> >> It seems that the despicable OyVay, the gas station attendant and Tax
>> >> Fraud, just does not like being exposed and investigated by the Tax
>> >> authorities in both canada and the USA!!!
On Wed, 26 Aug 1998 18:13:45 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
>In article <[email protected]>, [email protected]
>wrote:
>
>> It seems that the despicable OyVay, the gas station attendant and Tax
>> Fraud, just does not like being exposed and investigated by the Tax
>> authorities in both canada and the USA!!!
On Thu, 20 Aug 1998 02:18:12 GMT, [email protected] (Doc
Tavish) wrote:
>On 18 Aug 1998 19:24:34 GMT, [email protected] (Kenneth McVay
>SOB) wrote:
>>Really, Mr. Grosvenor, you are not very good at concealing your
>>identity, and talking to yourself, while perhaps more satisfactory
>>than your trying to speak to anyone else, isn’t all that effective
>>here on the net.
>So what? I rather enjoy his charade. Haven’t you caught on yet that we
>love driving you Nizkooks up the wall? We are draining your time and
>resources you expend to ferret us out. We enjoy playing hide ‘n’ seek
>with you boobs. Matt Giwer has even been in a couple of times and you
>didn’t even spot him!
>Heh Billy, the offer of a free Doc Tavish CD extends especially to you
>too! You really make Ken cry.
> Doc Tavish
>You know my e-mail address!
>Visit the Official Doc Tavish Libraries at:
>http://www.crusader.net/texts/cng/doc
>http://?????????? nearly finished!
>http://???? number 3 starting construction!
>Fourth Branch Being Considered!!
It seems that the despicable OyVay, the gas station attendant and Tax
Fraud, just does not like being exposed and investigated by the Tax
authorities in both canada and the USA!!!
On 28 Mar 1998 19:27:41 GMT, [email protected] (Kenneth McVay SOB)
wrote:
Feel free to forward your complaints also to revenue Canada, either by
phone or E-mail.
>Notice that the gas station employee McVay, his employment exposed in
>an interview a week ago in local papers, refuses to answer the
>questions.
>Even his masters, the JEWS, must be getting annoyed by now, with all
>the tax fraud investigations in Canada and the USA.
>The Victoria synagogue where he used to hide, had to kick him out
>because of the heat from the authorities!!!
>One must wonder whether he is so rejected by the Jews in B.C>, that he
>had to go to Edmonton to hold a meeting??
>Or, could it be that in Alberta Canada, there are more thinking
>people, who reject the garbage disseminated by OyVay and his gang??
>Perhaps some of the others in North America intersted in discussing
>the Holohoax will also respond.
>>On Wed, 11 Feb 1998 19:17:57 GMT, [email protected] (Michael )
>>wrote:
>>On Sat, 07 Feb 1998 06:44:38 -0500, Avenger <[email protected]>wrote
>> The goyboy token getting paid by the swindlers at NAZIKOR/NIZKOR just
>> will not answer the critical questions.
>>Nothing new here.
>> It seems he and his creatures may in fact have been swindling not only
>> the IRS in the USA, and Revenue canada Taxation, but also swindling
>> the people who made donations, thinking it was a legal charity, which
>> it is NOT!!!
>>Definitely not a charity.
Revenue Canada Taxation – Charities Division Ottawa, again today
confirmed that there is no registration for Nizkor as a charity in
Canada!!!
They can be reached directly, for filing complaints, at:
Telephone to: 1-800-267-2384
Also, you can E-mail complaints about Nizkor, to them, at:
http://www.rc.gc.ca/charities
An alternative telephone number for fraud complaints is Special
Investigations Revenue Canada at:
telephone # 204-983-1829
>> Subject: Re: Questions OyVey Won’t Answer!!!!
>><among hundreds of others>
>> Where are the answers to all the questions, which Nazikor/NIZKOR refuses to
>> answer??
>> Is it really an international tax fraud?
>> What have the I.R.S. to say??
>> Over the past few months, there have been a set of questions, which
>> OyVey and his minions have refused to answer.
>> Perhaps the officials at the I.R.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Branch,
>> who can be reached at:
http://www.ustreas.gov/mail/fincen.html
>> will be interested in receiving complaints regarding NIZKOR and OyVey.
>> Also, Revenue Canada Taxation can be reached with similar complaints at:
>> [email protected], or
>> http://www.rc.gc.ca
>> In Message, put first line of message as:
>> ATTENTION SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS
>> or telephone to: 204-983-1829
>> They are waiting for your complaints
> >The text relating to Questions OyVey Won’t Answer is:
> >Date: Thu. 23 Jan 1997 00:14:06 GMT
> >From: Doctor detroit ([email protected])
> >Newsgroups: alt.revisionism
> >Subject: to repeat the questions
> > Since this appears to be a tradition in a.r let us continue it.
> > 1) What exactly is the political origin of the initials OBC?
>>Order of the British Crown. In McGoy’s case it is the Order of British Columbia.
>>
> > 2) What did Ken McVay do to receive the approval to use the
> > letters?
>>Being a politically correct gopher for Bnai Brith and promoting the Holocaust(tm)
>>Terrorist Campaign. Further they maintain spy/smear files on people who question
>>certain myths about the Holocaust(tm) for possible prosecution of citizens who travel
>>to Europe. They undoubtably provide information to Mossad.
> > 3) What is the tax number of Nizkor?
> > 4) What is the physical address of Nizkor?
>>Probably written on McGoy’s forehead. Hard to tell since he has his nose up Bnai
>>Brith’s butt.
>> It seems that temple Emanuel in Victoria, Canada could no longer stand the stench
>> of the shabbas-goy Oyvay
>>McGoy dropped them for greener pastures.
> > 5) What is the phone number of Nizkor?
> > 6) Where can one find the organisational papers for Nizkor?
>>For the US they should be filed in the State of Texas under the San Antonio Area
>>Foundation. This is the front-end shell organization for Nizkookland in the US.
> > 7) What is the evidence offered that Nizkor is authorised to
> > solicit tax free contributions?
>>Unknown. Except they claim that if someone “contributes” more than $10 that Bnai
>>Brith will give them a receipt for tax purposes. They do not specify if this is US or
>>Canadian dollars.
> >In view of the refusal by OyVey and Nizkor to answer the critical
> >questions in #3, #4,#6, and especially #7, one must wonder.
> >Is NIZKOR JUST A HUGE TAX FRAUD, with the proceeds lining the pockets of
> >OyVey???
>>It’s a reasonable assumption.
> >Try to get answers from the tax authorities, both in the USA and Canada.
>> On Sun, 15 Jun 1997 00:41:49 GMT, in alt.revisionism [email protected]
>> (Dan Leonik) wrote:
> >Check this out!
>>Read this. This was after Ken McGoy denied a connection with any other Jewish
>>organization. I know I posted it. Also if you want me to repost Ken’s “Big Lie”
>>letter just ask.
> >Nizkor Funding
> >URL: http://www.almanac.bc.ca/funding.html
> >Summary: Please make your donations payable to League for Human Rights
> >of B’nai Brith Canada …with the cheque’s memo including “Nizkor
> >Project”. ). In the United States, donations in support of the Project
> >should be made payable to San Antonio Area Foundation – Nizkor Fund
> >and should be mailed to San Antonio Area Foundation.
> >Excite Search—Search: “nizkor”
> >”From B’nai Brith’s 1996 ‘Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents’:
>> The League is working closely
> >with Ken McVay’s Nizkor Project (https://nizkor.org) through the
> >”Holocaust and Hope” program. The League and Nizkor have prepared a
> >workbook entitled Hate and the Internet: Selected Readings to assist
> >in workshops on assist in workshops on this topic. The creation of a
> >B’nai web site (http://www.bnaibrith.ca) facilitates the dissemination
> >of information to counter hate and also provides a means of reporting
> >incidents directly to the National Office.”
>>Interesting. This after the Liar McGoy had denied any connection.
> >There can be no doubt that the Nizkor WHORES are in the business to
> >promote Jewish interests.
>>That is putting it “lightly”.
> >If any of them are White Americans then they
> >are paid agents of a foreign government accepting money to undermine
> >American values of honesty and truth in reporting the facts of WWII.
>>Their MO is described in former Mossad agent Victor Ostrovsky’s book “By Way of
>>Deception”. Read it. It should pretty much remove any doubts you might have of what
>>the Nizkooks are up to.
>>[email protected]
>>”http://www.natall.com”
>>”http://www.natvan.com”
>>National Vanguard Books
>>P.O. Box 330
>>Hillsboro, WV 24946
>>”No man has come to true greatness who has not felt
>>in some degree that his life belongs to his race.”
>> —-Phillips Brooks
>>+++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>Get the text of American Dissident Voices broadcasts by e-mail!
>>Subscribe to our mailing list by sending an e-mail message to:
>>[email protected] which contains the
>>word _subscribe_ as the subject of your message.
>> You may also get them from our FTP site at: ftp://natvan.com
>>Revenue Canada Taxation – Charities Division Ottawa, again today
>>confirmed that there is no registration for Nizkor as a charity in
>>Canada!!!
>show us where Nizkor has ever claimed to have one.
All you need do, is read above, or get your orderly to read for you.
>Just print this form, and send a money order for $25, and see whether
>or not you get a valid tax receipt in return…. and see if it comes
>from anthing called “Nizkor,” or claims that it would… won’t that be
>fun, Bill? If you don’t get that valid reciept, well geewhilikers,
>you’ve got me, eh?
>Please print this form and send to:
>
>The Nizkor Project
>c/o
>The League for Human Rights of B’nai Brith Canada
>15 Hove Street
>Toronto, Ontario M3H 4Y8
>
>Name:________________________________________
>Street Address:________________________________________________
>City_________________State/Province__________Postal Code_______
>E-Mail Address:_________________________________
>Amount Enclosed: $___________
>
>Please make your donations payable to “The League for Human Rights of
>B’nai Brith Canada,” and add the words “Nizkor Trust Fund” to the
>cheque’s memo section.
>
>
>Donations over $10.00 will receive a Canadian tax receipt.
>[#0235903-43-13]
Attention:CHARITIES
also: SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS
From [email protected] Sat Sep 5 14:15:51 EDT 1998
Article: 85493 of soc.culture.german
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: alt.culture.arab-league,soc.culture.german,soc.culture.europe,soc.culture.palestine
Subject: Re: KIDDIE PORN DISTRIBUTED BY JEW CANTOR
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 1998 00:15:15 GMT
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 107
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <35ede6ac.1030[email protected]> <[email protected]>
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Xref: trends.ca alt.culture.arab-league:1721 soc.culture.german:85493 soc.culture.europe:125674 soc.culture.palestine:51190
On Thu, 03 Sep 1998 14:19:09 GMT, [email protected] wrote:
“c:\Program Files\Netscape\files\porn21.xp”
Article Segment 2 of 2
<A
HREF=”http://xp5.dejanews.com/getdoc.xp?recnum=%[email protected]%3e%231/2&server=db96q5&CONTEXT=874940586.1932133778&hitnum=192″>(Get
Previous Segment)</A>
Canada Customs received information about a child pornography ring
in Canada
and the United States operating via the Internet, surface mail and
electronic (e-mail), the Crown attorney said.
Officers said Mr. Friedman’s apartment was “ill-kept and unclean,”
and
that they also found letters with explicit sexual content. A second
search
conducted at Chebucto Freenet yielded his e-mail records.
Mr. Hoskins and defence lawyer Joel Pink said Mr. Friedman, who
co-operated
with police, was only using the material for his own sexual
fantasies. “His
intent was possession, not distribution or selling,” said the
Crown.
The former cantor – who is not married – has provided information
that will
help police bring more “like-minded individuals” to justice, Mr.
Hoskins=
said.
Outside court, police Sgt. Bill Cowper, the department’s Internet
specialist, said this is just the beginning. “We’re pursuing every
angle at
this time. He’s not the only person. … The investigation does
involve law
enforcement officials in Canada and in the United States.”
Police said Mr. Friedman is being investigated over the alleged
distribution
of photos to other Internet users. Police won’t say which American
agencies
are involved and the U.S. Customs Service, reached late Tuesday,
declined
comment.
Mr. Hoskins asked that Mr. Friedman surrender his computers, valued
at
$1,200 and $1,500 apiece, to the court in addition to the $2,200
fine
($2,000 plus a $200 victim surcharge). Two sets of handcuffs were
also
confiscated.
After the court appearance, Mr. Friedman took the 4:45 p.m. flight
to Boston
to be with his family.
Officials won’t comment on the amount of the fine – the offence
carries a
maximum of five years in prison – saying that’s up to the judge. But
they
did say there was a plea bargain.
Mr. Friedman, holder of a music degree from an American university,
arrived
in Halifax in August 1994 and has worked at Beth Israel ever since.
His last
posting as a cantor was in the Detroit area. The man, whose job was
to lead
prayers, teach Hebrew school and help prepare boys for bar mitzvah,
has no
prior criminal record, Mr. Pink said.
“My eldest son has a great deal of respect for the cantor,” said
Mrs. Fox,
who wanted to break the news to her children before they heard it
through
the media.
“We have to do this in a very nonalarmist fashion … I’m still
thinking
about how we will handle this.”
Mr. Wolman said the board of governors would review of the matter as
soon as
possible and plans to tighten the screening process for future
cantors.
Police also said they found a stash of adult pornography – 31 nude
or
partially-nude self-portraits – but the charges stem from the
child-related
material.
With staff reporters Bruce Erskine and Barry Dorey
The Halifax Herald Limited, 1997.
Join NSWPP mailing-list, go to:
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