Bellant: Old Nazis/End Notes 1
END NOTES 1 – 100
1 U.S., Displaced Persons Commission,
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1952), p. v.
2 ., p. 101.
3 .
4 For information on the Waffen SS, see George Stein, (Ithaca,
New York: Cornell University Press, 1966); Alexander Dallin,
(New York: St. Martins Press, 1957).
5 Jack Anderson, “Nixon Appears a Little Soft on Nazis,”
, Nov. 10, 1971, p. B17; Nora Levin, (New
York: T. Y. Crowell, 1968; Schocken Books, 1973), pp. 610-11,
644, 653-55, 662-64.
6 Interview with Laszlo Pasztor, Washington, D.C., May 15,
1985. Interviews will be indentified with date and location the
first time they are cited only.
7 The requests were made in person Sept. 1984, May 1985,
and June 1986.
8 See, for instance, the ad sponsored by the American
Security Council in the , Sept. 28, 1983, p. A5.
9 Anderson, “Nixon Appears a Little Soft on Nazis,” p. B17.
10 Interview with Spas T. Raikin, by telephone, August 1986.
11 Interview with Ivan Docheff, by telephone, Sept. 1984.
See pp. 33-35 of this report for discussion of the Nazi-linked
National Confederation of American Ethnic Groups. Leaders of
NCAEG have included Austin App and Josef Mikus.
12 Interview with Professor Frederic Chary, Detroit,
Michigan, August 1984. Chary is author of
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972).
13 Chary also supplied the masthead with headline
(, March 31, 1933).
14 Ivan Docheff, (New York: Bulgarian National Front,
1982), p. 83; also see Docheff’s biographical statement in his
book, (Salzburg,
Austria: n.p., 1950). Also, Raikin letter to the author, August
17, 1986.
15 Docheff, , p. 185.
16 Ivan Docheff, “Why President Reagan?” , Sept.
1984, p. 1. is published by the Central Executive Board
of the Bulgarian National Front, Inc.
17 Interview with Ivan Docheff.
18 Interview with Ivan Docheff; interview with Frederic
Chary; confirmed by the author in a telephone conversation in
Sept. 1984 with aide to White House Director of Ethnic Liaison,
Linas Kojelis.
19 Interview with Nicolas Nazarenko, Washington, D.C., May
17-18, 1985; interview with Alex Aksenov, Washington, D.C., May
17-18, 1985. See also Christopher Simpson, (New
York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988), pp. 24-25.
20 Interview with Florian Galdau, by telephone, Sept. 1984.
21 Chris Simpson, “Not Just Another Nazi,” ,
August 1983, p.156.
22 Howard Blum,
(New York: Quadrangle/New York Times Book Co., 1977), pp. 109-11,
114-16. Trifa offered an opening prayer for the U.S. Senate on
May 10, 1955, at the request of Richard Nixon, who presided over
the Senate as part of his vice-presidential duties.
23 “Viorel Donise Trifa,” FBI Memo (April 6, 1954), p. 1;
on Galdau, “Viorel Donise Trifa,” FBI Memo (Oct. 5, 1955), p. 2.
Copies of these memos are in the possession of the author.
24 A privately circulated, typewritten document by George
Roman names 60 Iron Guardists and briefly describes their
functions in the U.S.
25 New York City , July 31-August 1, 1982, p.
B1. is affiliated with the Reverend Moon’s
Unification Church. Moon’s followers have made great efforts to
link into emigre fascist groups. See, for example, “Will the
Soviet Union Survive?: ABN International Conference” program,
May 13-15, 1988, Washington, D.C.: several speakers, including
the keynote speaker, were representatives of Moon-connected organizations.
26 Both groups were accredited to the Displaced Persons
Commission. See , pp. 270, 277, 285 and 289. On
Tolstoy Foundation, see Blum, pp. 68-70; Doug Hostetter and
Michael McIntyre, “The Politics of Charity,” ,
Sept. 18, 1974, pp. 845-50. On the International Rescue
Committee, see R. Harris Smith, (Berkeley,
California: University of California Press, 1972), p. 404n;
Simpson, , p. 200n. Also, U.S., Senate, Committee on
Foreign Relations, , 98th Cong., 2nd sess., 1984, pp. 301-303.
27 Interview with Valerian Trifa, conducted by Dennis
Debbaudt, Oct. 20, 1981, by telephone. Transcript made available
to author.
28 , Summer 1974, p. 1.
29 Interview with Dennis Debbaudt, Detroit, Michigan, Sept. 1984.
30 Interview with Walter Melianovich, Washington, D.C., May
17, 1985.
31 John Loftus, (New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 1982), p. 181; interview with Mark Masurowsky,
Washington, D.C., May 1985.
32 Loftus, p. 29.
33 U.S., , Nuremberg
Document #PS 3047 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946), Vol. 5, pp. 772-76.
34 Interview with Mark Masurowsky.
35 Interview with Cheslav Nadjiuk, Los Angeles, June 28,
1986. Also, a list of those who attended the 14th plenum of the
Byelorussian Central Council (the Nazi puppet government in
exile) in South River, New Jersey on Sept. 4 and 5, 1954,
includes Nadjiuk (spelled Naydzyuk) and says that he attended the
1944 Congress.
36 Gerhard L. Wineberg, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970),
pp. 116-18.
37 Joseph Lettrich, (New York:
Praeger, 1955), pp. 143-73. The declaration of war is mentioned
on p. 169.
38 Lucy Dawidowicz, (New York:
Bantam, 1976), p. 544.
39 David Duke for President Committee, Quarterly Report of
Receipts and Disbursements, Federal Election Commission, Form 3P,
Schedule BP, July 1-Sept. 30, 1987, p.9.
40 Joseph M. Kirschbaum, ed., (Toronto: Slovak World Congress, 1973), pp.
9-10; Lettrich, pp. 116-17, 175.
41 Kirschbaum, p. 151.
42 , May 25–June 10, 1981; Thomas Sheehan,
“Italy: Terror on the Right,” , Jan.
22, 1981, pp. 23-26. Also, Luigi Di Fonzo,
(New York and London: Franklin Watts, 1983); Larry Gurwin,
(London: Macmillan, 1983).
43 , Oct. 18, 1987, p. A18.
44 , 11th ed. (New
York and London: R. R. Bowker Co., 1987).
45 DiFonzo, p. 229.
46 , June 4, 1981, p. 7.
47 DiFonzo, p. 230.
48 ., p. 259.
49 Gurwin, p. 189.
50 , 43rd ed. (Chicago:
Marquis Who’s Who, 1984); Gurwin, pp. 12, 189-90.
51 Di Fonzo, pp. 72-73.
52 Stella’s curriculum vitae, 1986, p. 2.
53 The announcement was made Oct. 20, 1981 according to an
undated White House letter received by the author in Feb. 1984.
54 , Feb. 21, 1986, p. 8.
55 Stella’s curriculum vitae, 1986, p. 5.
56 Robert Katz, (New York:
Macmillan, 1971), pp. 366-67; Charles Fenyvesi, (Washington, D.C.:
New Republic Books, 1979), pp. 92-93;
E. J. Dionne, Jr., “Italy’s Royal Heir, In Exile, Pleads to
Return,” , March 2, 1986, p. 6.
57 Fenyvesi, pp. 100-101; Taki Theodoracopulos, “Princes
and Playboys,” , Feb. 27, 1979, pp. 87-88.
58 Fenyvesi, p. 96.
59 The delegation’s membership, their backgrounds and
planned itinerary were described in a booklet distributed at the
Republican Heritage Groups Council meeting, “President Reagen’s
[sic] Reinauguration Celebration Delegation,” (Room 8, 11F, 150,
Chi Lin Road, Taipei, Taiwan: Chinese Times, 1985).
60 A proposal to create such affiliates was roundly
denounced by delegates at the June 1986 convention.
61 Kevin Phillips’ syndicated newspaper article,
“Economics, Not Heritage, the Key,” was reprinted in in 1975.
Mr. Phillips declined to look for a more
accessible citation, but a copy of the reprinted article is in
the author’s possession.
62 “17th Annual Convention Program,” National Republican
Heritage Groups (Nationalities) Council, Washington, D.C., Oct.
30-Nov. 1, 1987.
63 Quotations in this section from the 1985 Republican
Heritage Groups Council convention are from the author’s own
notes of the event.
64 Interview with Michael Sotirhos, Washington, D.C., Sept. 1984.
65 National Republican Heritage Groups Council brochure,
Washington, D.C., n.d.
66 Author’s notes from the 1985 Republican Heritage Groups
Council Convention.
67 Peter Braestrup, “GOP’s `Open Door’: Who’s Coming In?”
, Nov. 21, 1971, p. A1.
68 Jack Anderson, “Doleful Dole,” , May
18, 1978, p. A25; Jack Anderson and Les Whitten, “>Nazi Eulogy,”
, May 4, 1976, p. B15.
69 “Join the Crusade for Freedom” brochure, National
Committee for a Free Europe, New York City, n.d.. The Crusade for
Freedom was a project of the Committee for a Free Europe, which
was the ostensible sponsor of Radio Free Europe.
70 Interview with Andy Valuchek, Washington, D.C., May 20, 1985.
71 , Jan. 8, 1979, p. C1.
72 Telephone interview with Wes McCune, July 14, 1988. See
also “ASC’s John Fisher Moves Further into Right-wing Politics,”
, April 3, 1970, p. 25, which states that
“Fisher is in effect the organized leader of the
military-industrial complex as it impinges on civilian life.”
, Feb. 26, 1975, p. 6 and Nov. 1983, p.
37 make similar assertions.
73 William Turner, (Berkeley,
California: Ramparts Press, 1971), p. 199. Turner’s book has a
chapter on the ASC. Also, , July 10, 1958, p. 56.
74 Turner, pp. 199-200.
75 America First Committee literature, 1940-41. See, for
example, “Monster Rally and Demonstration” flyer (Brooklyn, New
York: Brooklyn Chapter, America First Committee, June 1940),
which reads, “Keep United States Out of War…No Convoys, No War,
No Death for American Boys.”
76 J. Edgar Hoover to Major General Edwin M. Watson,
Secretary to the President, FBI Memo (Feb. 13, 1942), p. 6.
77 ., 2-page cover letter; Michael Sayers and Albert
E. Kahn, (New York:
Harper and Brothers, 1942), pp. 241-42.
78 J. Edgar Hoover to Major General Watson, cover letter.
79 J. Edgar Hoover to Major General Watson, p. 4; “Monster
Rally and Demonstration” flyer, America First Committee
letterhead, June 1940.
80 Frances Locher, ed., (Detroit,
Michigan: Gale Research, 1981), Vol. 101, p. 394. This interview
was conducted April 30, 1980.
81 Turner, pp. 200-201.
82 Donald S. Strong,
(Washington, D.C.: American Council on Public Affairs, 1940),
pp. 83-108.
83 Strong, pp. 83-93; Robert Wohlforth, “Spy-Hunters:
1930,” , Jan. 29, 1930, pp. 271-73 (note also
reply in Harry Jung, “Correspondence,” , March
12, 1930, pp. 101-102); Norman Hapgood,
(New York: Albert & Charles Boni, 1927), pp. 139, 162-65.
84 John Roy Carlson, (Philadelphia: Blakiston
Company and New York: E. P. Dutton, 1943), p. 392. Jung had White
Russian emigres translate the “Protocols” from Czarist
forgeries in Russian to English forgeries. See also Strong,
pp. 105-6.
85 , July 24, 1942, p. 8; Strong, p. 95.
86 , published by the ACPS, from 1929-32.
See, for example, , Nov. 1929, p. 1.
87 John Higham, (New Brunswick, New
Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1955; New York: Atheneum,
1981), pp. 314, 319-21.
88 ., p. 319.
89 Barry Mehler, “The New Eugenics: Academic Racism in the
U.S. Today,” , Jan.-Feb. 1984, p. 25.
90 , August 11, 1947, p. 2; , Feb. 24,
1947, p. 4. , begun as a biweekly in 1940, soon became a
weekly that was published until 1950. It was edited by George Seldes.
91 , Feb. 14, 1949, pp. 1, 2. For details on
, see , Feb. 24, 1947, p. 3.
92 , July 24, 1942, p. 8.
93 Felix Morley, “Travesty of Justice,” ,
Nov. 21, 1945, pp. 192-95.
94 Arnold Forster and Benjamin R. Epstein,
(Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1956), pp. 156-60.
95 ., p. 158; Thomas Reeves, (New York: Stein and Day, 1982), p. 662.
96 Margaret Fisk, ed., , 8th
ed. (Detroit: Gale Research, 1973), Vol. 1, p. 1057. For
background on the political character of ACPS, see throughout the 1960’s and
(an ACPS organ) 1960-1962.
97 “American Coalition of Patriotic Societies,” , Washington, D.C., Feb. 12,
1963, p. 2.
98 , 22nd ed. (Detroit: Gale
Research, 1987), Vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 1669.
99 .
100 Proceedings of the Military-Industrial Conferences, 1955-61.
Article 8141 of alt.conspiracy:
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Bellant: Old Nazis/End Notes 2
END NOTES 101 – 200
101 , Feb. 19, 1967, pp. 1, 32; “The
Foreign Policy Research Institute,” , March 1966, pp.
39-40 for discussion of CIA ties to think tanks and foundations;
Gene M. Lyons and Louis Morton, “School for Strategy,” , March 1961, pp. 103-6.
102 Robert Strausz-Hupe, William Kintner, and Stefan
Possony, (New York: Harper &
Brothers, 1961), p. 15.
103 Clarence Lasby, (New York:
Atheneum, 1971), p. 128.
104 Wernher von Braun is listed as a participant in the
1958 Military Industrial Conference in the published proceedings
of the conference: George B. de Huszar, ed., (New York: Praeger, 1959),
p. iii;
Medaris presented a lecture at the 1957 Conference, according to
,
Chicago, 1957, p. v.
105 (Munich: Intercontinental Book
and Publishing Co., 1956).
106 James Pool and Suzanne Pool, (New
York: Dial Press, 1978; Dial Press, 1979), pp. 207, 211.
107 ; , June 13,
1944, p. 4.
108 , July 14, 1923, p. 2.
109 T. H. Tetens,
(New York: Random House, 1961), p. 255.
110 ., pp. 56-70, 254-55.
111 New Benjamin Franklin House, a Lyndon LaRouche outfit,
has translated and printed an English-language version of August
von der Heydte’s 1972 book, (New York:
New Benjamin Franklin House, 1986); according to LaRouche’s , Feb. 21, 1986,
p. 8, von der Heydte signed a
political advertisement (placed in newspapers throughout West
Germany), which identified him as a member of Patriots for
Germany, a LaRouche front.
112 de Huszar, pp. 269-82. “Special Report on the American
Security Council,” , May 25, 1962, pp.
4-11; Lyons and Morton, “School for Strategy,” pp. 104-105;
Harold Relyea, “The American Security Council,” ,
Jan. 24, 1972, p. 114.
113 See Lyons and Morton, “School for Strategy,” pp. 103-6
on the extremism of the Institute for American Strategy, its ties
to the Pentagon and its origins in the military-industrial
conferences; Senator William Fulbright’s “Memorandum Submitted to
the Department of Defense on Propaganda Activities of Military
Personnel,” , August 2, 1961, pp.
14433-39; , June 18, 1961, p. 1 on the NSC
directive; Frank R. Barnett, “A Proposal for Political Warfare,”
, March 1961, p. 3; and “Special Report on the
American Security Council,” pp. 9-11 for discussion of Senator
Fulbright’s memorandum on the military’s sponsorship of seminars
on communism. The and Lyons and Morton articles
are reprinted in the as attachments to
the Fulbright Memorandum.
114 Fulbright, from 1961 memorandum cited above as reported
in , March 1966, (See footnotes 101 and 113).
115 Barnett, “A Proposal for Political Warfare,” p. 3.
116 “Special Report on the American Security Council,” p. 9.
117 David Wise and Thomas B. Ross, (New York: Random House, 1964; Bantam, 1965), pp.
167-69; Alfred W. McCoy, (New York: Harper & Row, 1972), pp. 120-25, 264-65;
Institute for American Strategy letterhead, n.d.
118 (Chicago: ASC
Press, 1964), pp. 9-10. In , 1962, see, for example, the backgrounds of Lt. Gen.
Edward Almond (Ret.); Spruille Braden; Charles Edison; Adm. Ben
Moreel (Ret.); Rear Adm. Chester Ward (Ret.); Gen. Robert Wood
(Ret.); and Gen. C.A. Willoughby (Ret.).
119 Frank P. Mintz, (Westport, Connecticut
and London: Greenwood Press, 1985), pp. 4,5; , Sept.
1960, p. 5.
120 Turner, p. 211.
121 , Nov.-Dec. 1980, p. 2. is an organ of the Coalition for Peace Through
Strength. For subsequent quotes, all from this edition of
: on showings of “The Salt Syndrome,” p. 3; on
“super-dove” McGovern, p. 2; on the South Dakota race, p. 3; on
ASC PAC Abdnor contribution, p. 4; on Singlaub and Grassley
campaign, pp. 4-5; on D’Amato campaign, pp. 4-5; on Church as
architect of intelligence system destruction, p. 5; on Church
and Soviet supremacy, pp. 4, 5, 7; on ASC aiding 67 candidates,
p. 4; and on ASC PAC contributions to other campaigns, p. 4.
122 Interview with Dr. Richard Kolm at his Washington, D.C.
home, May 21, 1985; “Szaz’s springboard” quote is from a
confidential interview.
123 The names of NCAEG affiliates were provided by Z.
Michael Szaz in a telephone interview on May 20, 1985 and by Dr.
Richard Kolm.
124 Alexander Ronnett, (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1974).
The book’s cover has the Iron Guard symbol on it.
125 See Corneliu Z. Codreanu, , trans.
(1936; Madrid: Editura “Libertatea,” 1977). Codreanu was the
founder and ideological leader of the Iron Guard. This book,
written in 1936, is the Guard’s . The English
translation is available from Liberty Bell, a neo->Nazi publisher
and book distributorship at P.O. Box 21, Reedy, W. Va., 25270.
126 Blum, pp. 91-96; Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber, eds.,
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1965),
pp. 565-66; interview with Dennis Debbaudt.
127 Interview with Alexander Ronnett, Chicago, December 1984.
128 Program for the seventh IHR Conference, held in Los
Angeles on Feb. 15-17, 1986. For the text of his speech, see
Alexander Ronnett, M.D. and Faust Bradescu, Ph.D., “The Legionary
Movement in Romania,” , Summer
1986, pp. 193-228. The is
published by IHR.
129 Interview with Ronnett. Also, WACL documents and
interviews with Iron Guard delegates to 1985 WACL conference.
Ronnett was WACL delegate for many years.
130 Austin J. App, (Tacoma Park,
Maryland: Boniface Press, 1973), available from the Institute
for Historical Review, 1822 1/2 Newport Blvd., Suite 191, Cosa
Mesa, California, 92627.
131 Forster and Epstein, p. 229; Austin J. App, (Costa
Mesa, California: Institute for Historical Review, 1987), p.
62.;Austin J. App, , as
cited by John Roy Carlson in (New York: E.P.
Dutton, 1946), pp. 160-61.
132 National Convention Program brochure, NCAEG,
Washington, D.C., Sept. 29-Oct. 1, 1983.
133 Interview with Joseph Plonski at the Republican
Heritage Groups Council convention in Los Angeles on June 25,
1986. Other statements in this section attributed to Plonski are
also from this interview.
134 William S. Turchyn and NCAEG, NJ Chapter,
(Rivington, New Jersey: NCAEG, 1985), p. 26.
135 , Nov. 21, 1971, p. A13.
136 , Feb.-March 1983, p. 3.
137 Rev. Anthony Cekada, (Oyster Bay,
New York: The Roman Catholic, n.d.; reprinted from the , December 1981).
This article is a Catholic
traditionalist examination of the Order. See also the cover page
of Charles Pichel, , 2nd ed. (Shickshinny,
Pennsylvania: Maltese Cross Press, 1970), which traces the
Knights of Malta from Jerusalem in 1050 to the U.S.A. in 1908.
138 Sander A. Diamond, (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press,
1974), pp. 116-17.
139 Pichel, , pp. 192-93.
See, for example, in Arnold Forster and Benjamin R. Epstein,
(Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company,
1956), the descriptions of Pedro del Valle (p. 145), George
Stratemeyer (p. 168), and Bonner Fellers (p. 163). Also, a number
of figures named in Pichel’s
were instrumental in setting up the Liberty Lobby. Edward von
Rothkirch, a member of the Order, helped set up Truth- in->Press,
a Liberty Lobby 501(c)3 tax exempt group, and has worked with
LaRouche for many years.
140 , Nov. 21, 1971, p. A13.
141 “Western Goals Annual Report, 1981-82,” Alexandria,
Virginia, 1982; Karol Sitko, , March-April
1983, pp. 10-13.
142 , Dec. 17, 1985, p. 16;
, Sept. 18, 1984, p. A2; and , National Weekly Edition, Oct. 1, 1984, p. 12.
143 “National Coalition for America’s Survival: Human
Rights and National Survival Program” brochure, Conservative
Alliance, Washington, D.C., n.d. Arthur Jones and the America
First Committee are listed both under “Prominent Individual
Members” and “Organizational Members” in the brochure. According
to the , National Weekly Edition, Oct. 1,
1984, p. 12, Warren Richardson has been the lobbyist for CALL;
his nomination by Reagan as general counsel for HEW was
torpedoed in 1981 when it was discovered that he worked for the
Liberty Lobby for four years in the 1970’s. Richardson is also
the former Executive Director of CAUSA, Rev. Moon’s organization.
144 , Oct. 12, 1985, p. 12. On June 28 and
29, 1986, Jones addressed a two-day Ku Klux Klan event planned to
provoke confrontations in Chicago’s racially tense southwest
side Marquette Park and in the near-north shoreline area of
Chicago where a Gay Pride Day march was ending.
145 , April 17, 1938, p. E4; , August 4, 1966, p. 8; , Dec. 30, 1940, pp. 2-4;
and , July 1, 1940, p. 2.
146 Interviews with Sam Dickens, Washington, D.C., July 16,
1986; Curt Winsor, Washington, D.C., July 17, 1986; Constantine
Menges, by telephone, April 1986; and another who requested
anonymity. The discussion and quotations which follow are, unless
otherwise noted, based on these interviews. For information on
Radio Free Americas, see , Feb. 21, 1967, pp. 1-2.
147 An anonymous interview.
148 , Oct. 1978, p. 8. is published by ASC.
149 John Fisher, “President’s Report,” ASC, Boston,
Virginia, 1982.
150 Rear Admiral Gene La Rocque, “Ronald Reagan is no War
Monger–But What About His Advisors?” press statement, Oct. 31, 1980.
151 Interview with Dickens.
152 “White House Hosts ASC Foundation Speakers Bureau
Seminar,” , Sept. 1983, pp. 4-5. The event
was August 25-26, 1983.
153 Jenny Pearce, (Boston: South End
Press, 1984), pp. 175-80.
154 Interview with David Taylor, by telephone, August 1986.
155 , March 1985, p. 1.
156 , May 11, 1987, p. 3; Jeffrey Zaslow,
“Ex-officers of First Chicago Investigated in Possible Funds
Diversion for Group,” , May 11, 1987, p. 9.
157 Interview with Matthias Lydon, by telephone, March 4, 1988.
158 , July 1985, p. 2.
159 , Jan. 29, 1988, p. A11.
160 “In Defense of America: A Campaign for Peace through
Strength” fundraising brochure, ASC Foundation, Washington, D.C., [1984].
161 .
162 ASC statement at Sept. 19, 1984 press conference
sponsored by the Coalition for Peace through Strength.
163 , Nov. 1983, p. 5.
164 ASC press packet, Sept. 19, 1984.
165 See (Lexington, North Carolina) , March 26,
1986, p. 4 which reports that Milton Croom “said this week he
agrees with right-wing extremist Lyndon LaRouche on many issues,
and was pleased LaRouche candidates had recently won primaries in
Illinois.” Also see ,
May 7, 1986, which identifies Croom, who ran for the North
Carolina Senate on the Democratic ticket, as a LaRouche
candidate; corporate filing of station WTRI in Maryland;
, May 18, 1987, p. A16.
166 See Dennis King, (New York:
League for Industrial Democracy, 1983); Chip Berlet and Joel
Bellman, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Political Research Associates,
forthcoming); and (Arlington,
Virginia: Terrorist Information Project, n.d.), which is
available from National Lawyers Guild, Civil Liberties Committee,
14 Beacon Street, #407, Boston, Massachusetts, 02108.
167 “Populist Groups Get More States,” , August
20, 1984, p. 14 says that McConkey was state chair of the
Populist Party.
168 Leonard Zeskind, (Atlanta, Georgia:
National Anti-Klan Network, 1984), available from the Center for
Democratic Renewal, P.O. Box 50469, Atlanta, Georgia, 30302. For
further background on the Populist Party, see also the author’s
article, “Fake Populism, Real Fascism,” , Jan.-Feb.
1985, p. 12.
169 (Boston,
Virginia: ASC Foundation, 1984).
170 , Vol. 2.
171 Joseph C. Goulden, (New York:
Simon and Shuster, 1984; Bantam, 1985), pp. 21, 27.
172 Jonathan Marshall, “The Friends of Michael Hand,”
, Nov. 24, 1980, p. 11. Also, Black wrote the chapter,
“Structure for Strategy,” on the National Security Council in
, pp. xi, 359-95. Black’s
entry omits the position in the Eisenhower administration.
173 , Vol. 2.
174 Australia, , Vol. 2,
Nugan Hand (part 1), June 1982, pp. 298-299, 303-304 (hereafter
cited as ); front
page series, August 24-26, 1982.
175 , August 24-26, 1982; , Vol. 4, pp. 731-51.
176 , Vol. 4, p. 796.
177 , Vol. 4, pp. 796-97; see also
Jonathan Kwitny, (New York and London: W. W. Norton,
1987), pp. 120-21.
178 National Strategy Committee letterhead, ASC, received
Sept. 19, 1984.
179 “Salute to Ambassador Jeane J. Kirkpatrick” dinner
program, ASC Foundation, April 16, 1985, p. 3.
180 Interview with John Fisher, Washington, D.C., July 16, 1986.
181 Caspar Weinberger, “Introductory Remarks,” , July 1985, p. 2.
Includes another
Reagan letter to ASC, commending the June 4th event.
182 ., p. 2.
183 , Jan. 1986, p. 3.
184 Lee Norrgard and Joe Rosenbloom 3rd, “The Cold
Warriors,” , July-August 1985, pp. 14-19,
esp. p. 19.
185 John Fisher, “President’s Report,” ASC, Boston,
Virginia, 1983.
186 John Fisher, “President’s Report,” 1985.
187 “ASCPAC Plays Vital Role,” , August 1984, p. 8. On p. 6,
the newsletter also says
ASC helped to raise $186,000 for Cong. Bill Dickinson. Jack Kemp
made a claim similar to Chappell’s.
188 “Quotable,” , Winter
1987, p. 4.
189 Liberty Lobby promotional brochure, Washington, D.C.,
n.d., with endorsing quote from Dickinson.
190 U.S., Congress, Office of the Clerk of the House, <
Ethics in Government Act: Financial Disclosure Statement for
1984>, 98th Cong., 2nd sess., 1984, attachment, p. 1.
191 U.S., Congress, Office of the Clerk of the House,
, 99th Cong., 1st sess., 1985, attachment, p. 1.
192 , attachment,
p. 1.
193 , June 1987, pp. 4-5.
194 Norrgard and Rosenbloom, p. 14.
195 , March 15, 1986.
196 Turner, p. 202. G. Duncan Bauman, until recently the
publisher of the now defunct , has been on the
ASC’s National Strategy Committee for years, according to ASC
letterhead, received Sept. 19, 1984.
197 , Nov.-Dec. 1980, p. 7. The , Nov. 1, 1984, p. 30, in an editorial,
attacked
the AFL-CIO for supporting candidates with low ASC ratings.
198 Monthly Reports of PAC Campaign Financing, Federal
Election Commission, Form 3X, Scedule B.
199 Turner, p. 211.
200 La Rocque, “Reagan is no War Monger.”
From oneb!cs.ubc.ca!destroyer!caen!uunet!olivea!sgigate!sgi!cdp!
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Bellant: Old Nazis/End Notes 3
END NOTES 201 – 300
201 , Nov. 4, 1984, p. A8.
202 CCA corporate records, State of Virginia; CCA brochure,
Boston, Virginia, n.d., shows Steve and Linda Fisher as president
of CCA and president of CCA’s subsidiaries respectively. Their
father, John M. Fisher, is listed as the chairman of CCA.
203 Interview with John Fisher, Boston, Virginia, July 16,
1985; Norrgard and Rosenbloom, pp. 16-17.
204 Interview with John Fisher, Washington, D.C., July 16, 1986.
205 Interview with Jay Winek, by telephone, Sept. 1984. The
ASC had listed the Coalition for a Democratic Majority as a
member organization of the Coalition for Peace through Strength
without CDM’s permission, according to Winek. After several years
of letters asking the ASC to desist, CDM’s name was dropped from
the 1985 list.
206 , Sept. 28, 1984, p. 46.
207 E. L. Anderson, “Northern League Notes,” , Feb.
1959, p. 6. Carto used the pen name E. L. Anderson with
and its successors, such as . Carto’s use of
this alias is mentioned in one of the best articles on his
operations in C. H. Simonds, “The Strange Story of Willis Carto,”
, Sept. 10, 1971, pp. 978-989, esp. p. 982.
Anderson as Carto alias also confirmed to this writer by former
Liberty Lobby official.
208 promoted an international pagan->racial
gathering scheduled for July 1959 that was organized by Pearson.
See also “The Northern League,” (London) , June
1984, p. 9; “>Reagan Praises Leading Fascist,” (London)
, Sept. 1984, p. 2.
209 , Sept. 1960, p. 5, which also says, of the
Nazis, “Their critics should consider that at this late date,
only a hard-core group of fanatically-determined young men can
possibly save the White Race.”
210 “Roger Pearson to Tour United States,” , June
1959, p. 1.
211 “Reagan Praises Leading Fascist,” , pp.
3-4, which reproduces the masthead of the Nov. 1965 .
212 .
213 Roger Pearson, (London:
Clair Press, 1966), title page.
214 Robert Wistrich, (New
York: Macmillan, 1982), pp. 114-15.
215 Roger Pearson, (London: Clair
Press, 1966), p. 26.
216 For example, NS Publications, P.O. Box 88, Arlington,
Virginia, 22210.
217 , Sept. 28, 1984, p. 46.
218 Edwin J. Feulner, Jr., ed.,
(Washington, D.C.: Council on American Affairs, 1976). Other
topics include anti-union themes (3 monographs), Southern Africa
(also 3 monographs), Korea and Social Security.
219 Scott Anderson and Jon Lee Anderson, (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1986),
pp. 92-97.
220 , Winter 1977,
title page. John M. Fisher was the publisher.
221 American Foreign Policy Institute letterhead, n.d.
Confirmed in telephone interview with Elbridge Dubrow on Sept.
26, 1984.
222 , May 28, 1978, p. C1.
223 “Eleventh WACL Conference Proceedings,” Washington,
D.C., 1978.
224 Ernest van den Haag, “Intelligence or Prejudice?”
, Dec. 1, 1964, pp. 1059-63; , May 21, 1964, p. A8.
225 “International Association for the Advancement of
Ethnology and Eugenics,” Dec. 17, 1969, pp. 6-7.
226 Nouvelle Ecole letterhead, June 1979.
227 The two officials, Clint Bolick and Maxwell Miller, are
listed in , Fall 1984.
228 (UPAO Newsletter), Oct. 1984, pp. 1, 3;
Barry Mehler, “Rightist on the Rights Panel,” , May
7, 1988, p. 641.
229 Lubomyr R. Wynar, (Littleton, Colorado:
Libraries Unlimited, 1975), p.150.
230 Ralph Scott, “The Bookshelf: ,” , Oct. 1975,
p. 4.
231 Mehler, “Rightist on the Rights Panel,” ,
May 7, 1988, p. 641; , July 13, 1988, p. 4A.
232 , Dec. 11, 1977, p. 76; according to
Pioneer Fund, Inc., U.S. Federal Income Tax Return, Form 990-PF,
1976, Pearson’s Institute for the Study of Man received $4000
for the “study of American Anglo-Saxon school children.”
233 , Dec. 11, 1977, p. 76; , March 31, 1985, pp. A1, A16.
234 “International Association for the Advancement of
Ethnology and Eugenics,” p. 7; Application for Recognition of
Exemption, Internal Revenue Service, Form 1023, submitted by
Institute for the Study of Man, May 25, 1975.
235 (Washington,
D.C.: National Security Archives, 1987), p. 114.
236 Helms staffer Clifford Kiracofe, former staffer James
McClellan, and Sam Crutchfield are on the masthead of Pearson’s
, Fall 1984.
237 See Alfonse D’Amato, Press Release, July 31, 1984, for
this proposed wording; the final version appears in the published
GOP platform, “Republican Party: America’s Future Free and
Secure,” Committee on Resolutions to the Republican National
Convention, August 20, 1984, p. 41.
238 D’Amato Press Release, July 31, 1984.
239 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 83, 154.
240 , May 28, 1978, p. C1.
241 , Jan. 12-13, 23, 26 and 30, 1984;
Feb. 9 and 18.
242 Charles Goldman, ed. [pseud.], “World Anti-Communist
League,” , Vol. 2, No. 1-2 (1979), pp. 18-27.
This article was adapted from a translation of an article by
Henrik Kr<129>uger in Erik Jensen and Petter Sommerfelt, eds.,
[] (Copenhagen: Demos, 1978).
243 Robert Boettcher with Gordon L. Freeman,
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980), pp. 31-34, 338,
343, 348-350.
244 Tan Tien, “Special Report: Establishment of the
American Council for World Freedom,” , April 1970,
pp. 34-35.
245 , Sept. 1981, photo section and p. 70.
246 “General John Singlaub–Our Guest,” , July-Oct. 1982, p. 97.
247 “United Strength for Peace with Freedom for All”
program, Seventeenth WACL conference, San Diego, California,
Sept. 4, 1984, p. 10.
248 Singlaub interview on Sept. 6, 1984 at the 1984 WACL conference.
249 , May 22, 1987, p. A13.; Holly Sklar,
(Boston: South End Press, 1988),
p. 229.
250 , Dec. 20, 1986, p. 33; James
Ridgeway, “Et tu, Singlaub? (Moving Target),” ,
Dec. 30, 1986, p. 20.
251 , April 11, 1988, masthead.
252 Julian Sher,
(Vancouver: New Star Books, 1983), p. 78; , Oct. 8,
1983, p.B8.
253 From introduction to Taylor’s speech by Robert Miles at
Oct. 5-6, 1985 meeting of Aryan Nations in Cohoctah, Michigan.
Attended by author.
254 The above mentioned meeting was a commemoration of
those neo-Nazi Order members killed in a shootout with local and
federal agents. For additional coverage of the event, see ,
Oct. 12, 1985, p. 12.
255 Robert Parry, “Reagan Said to OK Private Aid Plan for
Contras,” Associated Press wire story, Washington dateline, Oct.
7, 1985.
256 See , July-August 1983, front and
back covers, for photos of the White House meeting.
257 John Armstrong, , 2nd ed. (New
York and London: Columbia University Press, 1963), pp. 73-84.
258 Phillip Friedman, (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America,
and New York: Conference on Jewish Social Studies, 1980), pp.
176-83.
259 For example, the Organization for Defense of Four
Freedoms for the Ukraine (ODFFU), according to confidential
interviews with OUN members. is published in
the U.S. by ODFFU and the editor is Slava Stetsko.
260 , Summer 1984, p. 214 mentions
Nestercuz’ UCCA affiliation and other ethnic activism.
261 Interview with Bohdan Futey, Washington, D.C., May 17,
1985; , Summer 1984, pp. 215-16.
262 Confidential interview, OUN-B member.
263 The campaign stop was widely reported. See
(the organ of the World Conference of Free
Ukrainians, the international body in which all Ukrainian
factions participate), Nov.-Dec. 1984, pp. 3, 7. It reports on
the Reagan visit and notes that Fedorak was elected to the
Presidium of the UCCA Executive Committee. Fedorak was also
Toastmaster at a UCCA banquet where Jeane Kirkpatrick received a
“Shevchenko Freedom Award.”
264 Fedorak attended the 1984 and 1985 WACL meetings in the
U.S. His name appears on lists of previous WACL meetings.
265 “UCCA Calls for Congressional Hearings into OSI,”
, Summer 1985, p. 96. is
an OUN magazine.
266 Invitation to Committee for Security and Cooperation in
Europe Forum, signed by Ambassador-Designate Warren Zimmerman, [1986].
267 .
268 , Editorial Advisory Board,
Spring 1984.
269 Confidential interview with OUN member; list of
Republican Heritage Groups Council leaders.
270 List of groups made available to the author for
notetaking purposes only, at 1985 WACL meeting.
271 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 20-25, 152-55.
272 World Jewish Congress press statement, Dec. 9, 1985, p.
2; Joe Conason, “Reagan and the War Crimes Lobby,” , May 14, 1985, pp. 20-23;
UNIS press releases of April 4
and April 19, 1985 (UNIS is the Washington, D.C. affiliate of
UCCA); and many articles in , the UCCA
publication. See, for example, an article that attacks OSI and
praises the Waffen SS (as defenders of freedom) in Edward M.
O’Connor, “Our Open Society Under Attack by the Despotic State,”
, Spring 1984, pp. 17-49, esp. pp. 48-49.
273 Sayers and Kahn, pp. 80-88; Dallin, pp. 114-15;
Armstrong, pp. 35, 50, 73-74.
274 Sayers and Kahn, pp. 80-98; Dallin, p. 115, n. 3, which
cites German intelligence reports; Simpson, , pp. 160-63.
275 Armstrong, p. 38.
276 .
277 ., p. 77.
278 Dawidowicz, p. 377.
279 .
280 ., p. 544.
281 Friedman, pp. 176-208, 244-321.
282 Armstrong, p. 83.
283 ABN literature cites Nov. 21-22, 1943 as the founding
dates of ABN. A 40th anniversary commemorative booklet, “Freedom
for Nations and for the Individual” (Ukrainian Cultural Center,
Warren, Michigan, Nov. 27, 1983) gives a brief version of their
history of ABN’s origins. For a rejoinder to the OUN/ABN version,
see Dallin, pp. 620-25.
284 Wasyl Veryha, “General Pavlo Shandruk,” , Summer 1984, pp. 164-77;
Dallin, p. 625.
285 Wynar, p. 377.
286 , July-August 1983, front cover.
287 Bernadine Bailey, (Chicago: Chas.
Hallberg & Co., 1969), p. 146.
288 ., p. xi.
289 ., pp. 29-36, 118, 130-34, 170.
290 Confidential interview.
291 Bailey, p. 32. On p. 28, Bailey says communism is “a
convenient tool or catch word” used by “Russian imperialists.”
292 Interview with Nicolas Nazarenko.
293 “On the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the
Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations,” ,
July-August 1983, p. 1; Dallin, p. 624.
294 Niko Nakashidze, (Munich: ABN
Press and Information Bureau, 1960), p. 14. Although the ABN
claims a direct lineage from the 1943 Committee of Subjugated
Nations (CSN), some scholars emphasize that the CSN went through
a variety of splits and reorganizations immediately after WWII,
and that ABN did not emerge in its current manifestation until
several years after the war.
295 Anderson and Anderson, p. 45.
296 “Death of a Great Croatian Intellectual and
Politician,” , May-August 1986, p. 97;
Anderson and Anderson, pp. 25-29.
297 Anderson and Anderson, pp.40-41.
298 Joseph Rothschild, (Seattle and London: University of Washington
Press, 1974), p. 317; Rogger and Weber, p. 567, Anderson and
Anderson, p.20.
299 “About the Contributors,” , Summer 1986, p. 254. See a picture album
commemorating
the 50th anniversary reunion of the Iron Guard: (Madrid: Iron Guard, 1976),
p. 116, photo #11; see also
p. 345 for a photo of Ronnett honoring the Bulgarian National
Front in 1975 for the 1941 assistance of the BNF (then the
Bulgarian Legion) during the Iron Guard’s escape from Romania,
following their failed coup attempt.
300 WMAQ-TV (NBC) Chicago, “The Chicago Controversy,”
Evening News, May 11-12, 1987. Transcript in Appendices.
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Bellant: Old Nazis/End Notes 4
END NOTES 301 – 377
301 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 72, 138-41.
302 Executive Board of the World Youth Anti-Communist
League, “For a Heroic Concept of Life,” ,
Sept.-Dec. 1983, p. 90.
303 ., p. 91.
304 Martin Lee and Kevin Coogan, “Killers on the Right:
Inside Europe’s Fascist Underground,” , May 1987,
pp. 40-54.
305 , May-August 1984, p. 73.
306 ., back cover.
307 , July 14, 1986, p. E2388-89;
, July 18, 1986, p.22.
308 U.S. Counterintelligence Corps (CIC), , 3rd ed. (Detroit: Gale Research,
1961).
309 Ad in , a Lithuanian newspaper, Sept. 7,
1984, p. 4.
310 .
311 (New York:
Anti-Defamation League, 1985), p. 12. (Hereafter cited as )
312 , pp. 31, 37-38.
313 List of groups provided to this writer in 1985 for
notetaking purposes only.
314 Dr. Juozas Prunskis, (Chicago: Lithuanian American Council, 1979),
pp. 16, 17-19.
315 Danielius Ralys, (Canada: Alpha-Book Publishers, 1986), pp. 185-93.
316 Charles Pichel, (Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania: Maltese Cross Press, 1975), pp. 5-7.
317 ., pp. 294.
318 CCJS telegram to Attorney General Edward Meese, Sept.
8, 1985.
319 “Justice Department Passivity Held Responsible for
Recent Terrorist Bombings of East Coast Ethnic Homes,” CCJS Press
Release, Sept. 9, 1985.
320 Kevin Freeman, “WJC Charges Emigre Groups are Thwarting
OSI Activities,” , Jewish Telegraph Agency,
April 3, 1985, p. 3.
321 Interview with John Fisher; confirmed by other sources.
322 John Stockwell,
(New York: Norton, 1978); contemporary news reports.
323 Interview with John Fisher.
324 “Clark Amendment Repealed: A Victory for Freedom,”
, August 1985, p. 1.
325 ., pp. 1-2.
326 Anthony Lewis, “How to Isolate America,” , May 19, 1987, p. A35.
327 “Southern Africa: The Fateful Struggle” report, ASC,
1979. The trip was conducted from March 24 to April 10, 1979.
328 ., p. 2; Stephen Orpen, “Secret funds,
unanswered questions,” , Dec. 1,
1978, p. 55. (founded in 1972, it became in 1974) was closely identified with the
South African regime.
329 Orpen, “Secret funds,” p. 55.
330 , Jan. 8, 1979, p. C1.
331 , March 15, 1981, p. A13.
332 , March 15, 1981, p. 1.
333 , March 24, 1981, p. A6; , March 25, 1981, p. 4.
334 , March 15, 1981, p. A13.
335 , March 22, 1981, sec. IV, p. 2.
336 National Student Federation of South Africa untitled
report, issued by Student Moderate Alliance (Univ. of
Witwatersrand), Students Action Front (Univ. of Natal,
Pletermaritzburg) and Moderate Student Movement (Univ. of Cape
Town), 1985, p. 10.
337 ., p. 11.
338 ., pp. 13, 17.
339 For example, , Jan. 27, 1986, p. 32;
“South Africa `87: 12th Annual Financial Geopolitical Tour,”
Conservative Caucus direct mailing, n.d.
340 , the newsletter of the Conservative
Caucus, August 1985, devoted its 8 tabloid pages to advocating
apartheid interests.
341 An ad calling for Crocker’s firing, signed by Abramoff,
appeared in , May 1985, p. 18.
342 Interview with CNP member.
343 CNP membership list; Board of Governors Mailing List,
CNP, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1984, pp. 1, 11, 21, 26, 28.
344 Interview with CNP member, background only; Board of
Governors Mailing List, p. 7.
345 From source close to CNP.
346 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 83, 253.
347 , March 28, 1988, masthead.
348 Ivor Benson, “The Siege of South Africa,” , Spring 1986, pp. 5-20;
“Seventh International
Revisionist Conference a Smashing Success,” , Feb. 1986, p.1.
349 Benson, “The Siege of South Africa,” esp. pp. 9-10, 13-14.
350 See generally Walter LaFeber, (New York and London:
W.W. Norton, 1983) and Jenny Pearce, (Boston:
South End Press, 1984).
351 , August 1979, p. 2.
352 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 174-75.
353 Jack Anderson, “Death Squads Have Permeated Latin
America,” , Jan. 13, 1984, p. E12; Jack
Anderson, “Latin Terrorists’ Leader Retains Support of CIA,”
, Jan. 30, 1984, p. B32.
354 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 217-41; Jack Anderson,
“Assassin Calls Death Squads Part of Network,” , Jan. 23, 1984, p. B30;
Jack Anderson, ” `Death Squads’
Continue Despite U.S. Pressures,” , Jan. 26,
1984, p. Md. 15.
355 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 223-24.
356 ., p. 223.
357 ., p. 203. In the , March 4,
1981, p. 1, D’Aubussion says he’s met with and maintained contact
with Lt. Gen. Dan Graham, among others.
358 Samuel T. Dickens, “El Salvador’s Roberto D’Aubuisson,”
, July 1984, p. 2. See p. 4 of
the same for photos.
359 , Winter 1987, p. 2.
360 , Feb. 1984, p. 18.
361 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 169-74.
362 , Feb. 22, 1981, p. C7.
363 Neil Livingstone, “Fighting Fire With Fire,” , March 1986, p. 96.
is published by the
, which is under the control of the Rev. Sun
Myung Moon. Its editor is Morton Kaplan, who has been one of
Moon’s top collaborators in the U.S., especially as chairman of
the International Conference for Unity of the Sciences. Kaplan
has praised Moon as a great religious leader. According to the
“Special Report on the American Security Council,” May 25,
1962, by Group Research, Kaplan is also a long-time associate of
the Foreign Policy Research Institute, discussed earlier in this
paper. In 1988, he is still listed on the masthead of FPRI’s .
364 ., p. 95.
365 , May 15, 1987, p. A12; ,
June 8, 1986, p. A26; , May 21, 1987, p. 1.
366 , Jan. 12, 1987, pp. A1, A6; see
also Neil Livingstone, “What Ollie North Told Me Before He Took
the Fifth,” , Jan. 30, 1987, p. 37.
367 U.S., 100th Cong., 1st sess., 1988, Appendix A: Vol. 1;
Source Documents, pp. 634-37.
368 Interview with Dickens.
369 Samuel Dickens, “When Dialog Reeks of Treachery,”
, Dec. 1984-Jan. 1985, p. 29.
370 Samuel Dickens, “Campaign of Attacks On the Salvadoran
Army Launched by Leftist `Human Rights Defense’ Organization,”
, March 1985, pp. 19-20
371 Anderson and Anderson, pp. 71-81; Craig Pyes,
(Albuquerque:
Albuquerque Journal, 1984), pp. 11-12. This booklet is a reprint
of a series of articles by Pyes which ran in the from Dec. 18 to Dec. 22, 1983.
372 Interview with Alexander Ronnett; , Jan. 15,
1979, pp. 1-3, 15-16, 24. is published by Ronnett in
Mt. Prospect, Illinois.
373 “New Chile Pleads for Fair Treatment in U.S. Press,”
, November 12, 1974, p. 3.
374 Codreanu, p. viii.
375 Magnus Linklater, Isabel Hilton, and Neal Acherson,
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984),
pp. 215-319.
376 Singlaub biographical statement, Roni Hicks Advertising
and Public Relations, San Diego, California, n.d., distributed at
the 1984 WACL Conference; Anderson and Anderson, pp. 150-151;
, Feb. 1984, p. 20; Anthony Herbert with James T. Wooten,
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973), pp.
103-104, which discusses Singlaub’s role in what later became
known as Operation Phoenix.
377 ABC-TV, “Phil Donahue Show,” Sept. 30, 1985.
The Nizkor Project: Remembering the Holocaust (Shoah)
Archive/File: people/b/bellant.russ bellant.end-no
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