Archive/File: holocaust/ussr/ukraine ukraine.001
Last-Modified: 1994/07/15

   "Whereas the Germans did not make many converts among Ukrainians
   living within the prewar boundaries of the Soviet Union, they did
   not have to worry that the Ukrainians would aid the Jews. A large
   number of young Ukrainian men were in the Red Army, or prisoners of
   war, or evacuated as essential laborers by the retreating Soviet
   authorities. Damaged cities and disrupted communications had been
   left behind. A disoriented population, uncertain of its future
   under German occupation, scrambled for morsels to stay alive. In
   this disintegration, the Jews were perceived as a different people
   whose misfortune, deserved or undeserved, was not a Ukrainian
   concern and still less a Ukrainian responsibility. Already at the
   end of September 1941, Einsatzgruppe C, which was then operating in
   northern Ukrainian territory, reported that Jews were considered a
   burden, insofar as they consumed some of the food. Escaped Jews
   were neither housed nor fed by the Ukrainians. They were living in
   earth holes or in crowded old huts.<16> Later, in Kharkov, where
   almost all of the remaining Jews had already been shot, the
   attitude toward Jewry of the civilian residents was reported to be,
   with isolated exceptions, still absolutely negative. Hidden Jews
   were seized daily with the help of inhabitants who revealed the
   whereabouts of the victims.<17>" (Hilberg, Perpetrators, 200)

   <16> Reich Security Main Office IV-A-1, Operational and Situation
        Report No. 49, September 25, 1941, Nuremberg trials documents
	NO-3146. See also the report by Section VII (Military
	Government) of the army's Security Division 213, signed by
	division commander von Courbiere, August 27, 1941, National
	Archives Record Group 242, T501, Roll 34.
   <17> Reich Security Main Office IV-A-1, Operational and Situation
	Report No. 191, April 10, 1942, Nuremberg trials document
	NO-3256.

                             Work Cited

   Hilberg, Raul.  Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish
      Catastrophe 1933-1945.  New York: Harper-Collins Publishers, Inc.
      1992

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