Archive/File: orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-000-00
Last-Modified: 1997/01/17
Source: Department of Justice Canada

                              
                      WORKING DOCUMENT
                              
                              
                              
                   DISPROPORTIONATE HARM:
                    HATE CRIME IN CANADA
                              
              An Analysis of Recent Statistics
                              
                      Julian V. Roberts
                  Department of Criminology
                    University of Ottawa
                              
                            1995
                              
                          WDl99F11e
                              
                          UNEDITED
                              
 The present study was funded by the Research and Statistics
                         Section and
the Law Reform Fund, Department of Justice Canada. The views
                          expressed
herein are solely those of the author and do not necessarily
  represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada.


                      TABLE OF CONTENTS
                              
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-000-01 and
orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-000-02:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-001:

     1.0 INTRODUCTION
     1.1 Purpose of Report
     1.2 The Issue of Disproportionate Harm
     1.3 Victims' Rights and Responses

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-002-01:

     2.0 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
     2.1 Hate Crimes: The Problem of Definition
     2.2 Hate Crime Definitions in Other Jurisdictions
     2.2.1 United Kingdom
     2.2.2 United States
     2.3 Hate/Bias Crime Definitions used in Canada
     2.4 Towards a Uniform Definition

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-002-02:

     2.5 Relationship between Hate Crime Definitions and the 
         Sentencing Reform Bill
     2.6 Limitations on Official Hate Crime Statistics
     2.6.1 Unreported Crimes
     2.6.1.1 Reporting Rates of Hate Crimes in Other Jurisdictions
     2.6.2 Classification Problems
     2.7 Data Sources

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-003-01:

     3.0 FINDINGS
     3.1 Hate Crimes in Other Jurisdictions
     3.1.1 United States
     3.1.2 United Kingdom
     3.1.2.1 British Crime Survey (BCS)
     3.2 Canada
     3.2. 1 Hate Crime Statistics Recorded by the Police

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-003-02:

     3.2.1.1 Toronto
     3.2.1.2 Police de la Communaute urbaine de Montreal

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-003-03:

     3.2.1.3 Ottawa
     3.2.1.4 Ontario Provincial Police
     3.2.1.5 Surete du Quebec
     3.2.1.6 City of Halifax Police Department
     3.2.1.7 Edmonton Police Service
     3.2.1.8 Police Agencies
     3.2.2 Aggregate Trends

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-003-04:

     3.2.2.1 B'nai Brith Data
     3.2.2.2 Hate Crimes Directed at Gays and Lesbians

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-004-01

     4.0 DISCUSSION
     4.1 Hate Crime Statistics: Data Collection Issues
     4.2 Advantages of Collecting National Data
     4.2.1 Consistency
     4.2.2 Recognition of Harm
     4.2.3 Integrating Different Components of the Criminal Justice System
     4.2.4 Ensuring That All Target Groups are Covered
     4.2.5 Utility to Local Communities
     4.2.6 Following Best Practices Elsewhere
     4.3 Disadvantages of National Collection
     4.3.1 Resources

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-004-02

     4.3.2 Duplication
     4.4 National Integration of Hate Crime Statistics
     4.4.1 Encourage Different Groups to Collect Their Own Statistics
     4.4.2 Special Studies Approach
     4.4.3 Modifying the Revised Uniform Crime Reporting System
     4.5 United States Hate Crime Act

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-004-03

     4.6 Canadian Hate Crime Statistics Act (Proposed)
     4.7 Classification of Hate Crimes
     4.8 Police Training Initiative

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-004-04

     4.9 Non-criminal Justice Agencies
     4.10 Research Priorities Relating to Hate Crimes
     4.10.1 Survey of Community Attitudes
     4.10.2 Victimization Surveys
     4.10.3 Criminal Justice Processing of Hate-motivated Crimes
     4.10.4 Case Law Analysis of Sentencing Decisions in Hate Crime Sentences
     4.10.5 Offender Profile Analysis
     4.10.6 Public Opinion Survey of Attitudes Towards Hate-motivated Crimes

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-005:

     5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
     5.1 Recommendations
     5.2 Conclusion

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-006-01:

     BIBLIOGRAPHY

     APPENDICES

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-007-01:
orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-007-02:

     Appendix A  Data Tables

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-007-03:

     Appendix B _United States Hate Crimes Statistics Act_

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-007-04:

     Appendix C  Canadian _Hate Crimes Statistics Act_

orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-007-05:

     Appendix D  List of Hate Crime Contact Agencies and Persons

                        ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This document was written to fulfil the terms of service
contract 94-11-63 with the Department of Justice Canada. I
would like to thank all the groups and individuals who
supplied information to me, or who provided comments on
earlier drafts of this report.[Address omitted]

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